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Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

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Preventing her from functioning effectively

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Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

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a biopsychosocial approach.

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The DSM-IV-TR does NOT

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explain the causes of the various psychological disorders

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Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

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generalized anxiety disorder.

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Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from

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a phobia

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Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of

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agoraphobia

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Obsessions are

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offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person

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Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

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an obsession

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Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.

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obsession, compultion

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Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

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post-trumatic stress disorder.

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Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors.

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reinforcement

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Obsessive thoughts typically ________ anxiety and compulsive behaviors typically ________ anxiety.

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increase, decrease

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Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors. The professor's emphasis best illustrates the ________ perspective.

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evolutionary

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A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

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feelings of personal worthlessness.

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For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

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major depressive disorder

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In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild optimism?

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bipolar disorder

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Elmer, the owner of an auto service station, suddenly began smashing the front fenders and hoods of two customers' cars. When asked why, he excitedly explained that he was transforming the cars into \"real racing machines.\" When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everybody was fired and quickly began breaking the car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of

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mania

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The highest rates of depression occur in ________ countries among ________.

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developed, young adults

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Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women.

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higher, higher

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The risk of suicide is greatest when people

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begin to rebound from their depression.

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Rates of non-suicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among

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adolescent females

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A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is a

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psychosis

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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the ________ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ________ of appropriate behaviors.

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presence; absence

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One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

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an expressionless face

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Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

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shizophemia

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People with reactive schizophrenia more often have the ________ symptoms that respond to drug therapy.

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positive

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A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of

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dissociation

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The experience of a \"fugue state\" is indicative of a(n) ________ disorder.

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dissociative

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Connie exhibits multiple personalities. Evidence that information learned by her secondary personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms.

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dissociation

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Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of

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Post-traumatic stress disorder

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About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and under-nourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. Shelley most clearly suffers from

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anorexia-nervosa

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Those most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are those who ________ value thinness and have the ________ body dissatisfaction.

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most, greatest

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Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders.

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personality

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The term psychopath refers to an individual with

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antisocial personality disorder

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Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of

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a personality disorder

Psychology Test Ch. 14

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