question

Any object that can establish that a crime has or has not been commited or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator

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Physical Evidence

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When ______________ a crime scene, the scene must be unaltered; take from all different angles

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Photographing

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drawn at the crime scene, that contains an accurate depiction of the dimensions of the scene and shows the location of all objects having a bearing on the case

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Rough Sketch

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a precise rendering of the crime scene, usually drawn to scale

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Finished Sketch

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CAD (standard method for reconstructing crime scenes from rough sketches)

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Computer aiding drafting

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must include a detailed description of the scene with its location of items of physical evidence recovered; they must also identify the time an item of physical evidence was discovered, by whom, how, and by whom it was packaged and marked, and the disposition of the item after it was collected

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notes

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Forensic science begins at a ________________, where investigators must recognize and properly preserve evidence for lab examination

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crime scene

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The first officer to arrive at the crime scene must ____________,____________

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Secure and isolate the crime scene or obtain medical assistance for any victims if needed

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Crime labs run on ______________

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Physical evidence

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encompasses any and all objects that can establish that a crime has or has not been commited or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator

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Physical evidence

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The _____________of crime scene investigation are easy to master and certainly lie within the bounds of comprehensionof the average police officer

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techniques

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first priority when arriving at crime scene

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obtain medical assistance if needed

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first officer arriving on the scene must _______

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preserve and protect the crime scene

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every individual who enters the crime scene has the potential to ________________________

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destroy physical evidence

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steps to evaluating the area of a crime scene

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1 determine boundaries of crime scene and determine path of entry and exit 2 document and photograph items in crime scene 3 initial walk-through of the scene to gain an overview of the situation

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3 methods for crime scene recording

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notes, sketches, photography

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the most important prerequisite for ______________ a crime scene is for it to be unaltered

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photography

question

drawn at the crime scene that contains an accurate depiction of the demensions of the scene and shows the location of all objects having a bearing on the case

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Rough sketch

question

precise rendering of the crime scene, usually drawn to scale

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Finished sketch

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must include a detailed description of the scene with the location of the items of physical evidence recovered; identify the time physical evidence was discovered and by whom; how and by whom it was packaged and marked; the disposition of the item after it was recollected

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notes

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search patterns

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grid method spiral method line method quadrent/zone method

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an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease

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autopsy

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examines the victim to establish the cause or manner of death

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coroner

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tissues and organs will br retained for __________ and ___________ examination

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pathological and toxicological

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Conduct a ___________________ search for evidence

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systematic

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an inspector must not overlook any pertinent _____________

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evidence

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a thorough search must be conducted. faiure to do so may result in ___________

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false accusations and/or charges that evidence was "covered up"

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The investigator in charge assigns the __________ responsible for searching a crime scene

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personnel

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A forensic scientist is not usually needed at a crime scene when the crime scene is ________

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major

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How one conducts a crime scene search will depend on the ____________________________________

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size of scene; suspects; and victims

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one person should supervise the _____________

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collection of evidence

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The ______________ of evidence such as hair or fibers between individuals is useful for linking suspects to the crime scene in a homocide case

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cross-transfer

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in most crimes, a systematic search of _________________ is required

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latent fingerprints

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Physical evidence can me ________ or ________

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massive microscopic

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traces of ________ or _________ may be located on the victim if in the case of a car homocide

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metal or paint

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It is important to collect possible carriers of _____________ evidence

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trace

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must be collected and sent to the forensics lab: (7)

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1 victims clothing 2 fingernails 3 head and pubic hairs 4 blood 5 vaginal, anal, oral swabs 6 bullets 7 hand swabs

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why is it important to place evidence in seperate containers?

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so the evidence won't get destroyed (breakage, evaporation, accidential scratching/ breaking, careless packaging)

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________,____________,____________,__________ should be sent to a lab intact along with other trace evidence

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blood, fibers, hair, soil particles

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tools for evidence collection include _______________________________________________

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forcepts, plastic pill bottles, manilla envelopes, vials, pillboxes, druggist fold

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A way of folding paper so that evidence does not fall out is referred to as a ...

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druggist fold

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If bloodstained materials are stored in airtight containers, then ___________

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mold will grow destroying the evidence

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Charred debris must be stored in air tight containers to prevent ____________

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the evaporation of volatile petroleum residues.

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a detailed _________ of the proper collection and packaging of various types of physical evidence

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description

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list of people who came into possesion of an item of evidence

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chain of custody

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physical evidence whose origin is known such as blood or hair from a suspect, that can be compared to crime- scene evidence

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Standard refrence sample

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a swab of the inner portion of the cheek, performed to collect cells for use in determining the DNA profile for and individual

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buccal swab

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uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been deposited; used to ensure that the surface on which a sample has been deposited does not interfere with lab tests

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Substrate control

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Once an evidence container is selected for the evidence, it must be marked for _____________

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identification

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to avoid confusion, the chain of custody should be kept to a _____________

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minimum

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substrate controls are normally collected at _________ scenes

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arson

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evidence is usually either _______, _________, or __________

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mailed, shipped , transported

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time after death

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Post Mortal Interval

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5 things a coroner would write down as causes of death

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suicide homocide accidental natural unknown

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energy

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ATP

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item that isnt sent to a forensic lab

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ocular fluid

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Something that is not an allowance made to justify a warentless search

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the need to prevent the eventual lose of evidence over time

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Uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been deposited is...

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a substrate control

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Physical and chemical changes that occur following death include...

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livor mortis algor mortis rigor mortis

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what is physical evidence? give three examples

answer

any objects that can establish that a crime has or has not been commited or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator. gun, knife, hair

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What is the first step in processing a crime scene?

answer

obtain medical assistance; arrest perpetrartor; secure the scene

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most important requisite for video recording on a crime scene

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should include entire scene and area around it; unaltered

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why should physical evidence be collected at the crime scene instead of later

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photographs need to be taken first

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druggist fold is used for...

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powders and drugs

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autopsies are performed when?

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when the cause of death is unknown

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results in shortening of muscle tissue and the stiffening of body parts in the position at death and occurs within 24 hours of death and dispears within 36 hours of death

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Rigor Mortis

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results in the settling of blood in areas of body closest to the ground (begins immideatly on death and continues up to 12 hours

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Livor Mortis

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involves the investigation of unnatural, unexplained, or violent death

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Forensic Pathology

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results in loss of heat by a body (beginning about 1 hour after death, the body looses heat by 1 to 1 1/2 degrees F per hour until it reaches the enviornment temp)

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Algor Mortis

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concerned primarily with the identification and examination of human skeletal remains, skeletal bones of their size, shape, and other features can help determine their gender

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Forensic Anthroplogy

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the study of insects to see how long a person has been dead determines PMI

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Forensic Entomology

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By analyzing the amount of ____________ present at various intervals after death, the forensic pathologist can determine the rate at which _________ is released into the vitreous humor and use it to approximate the time of death

answer

potasium

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overall the male skeleton is _________ the female's is _________

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robust; slender

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height of the victim can be estimated by measuring the ________________

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long bones of the skeleton

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wayne gacy

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killed 28 men

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snow

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forensic anthroplogist

question

betty gatliff

answer

facial reconstructionist

question

remember your extra credit!

answer

...

Forensics Chapter 2

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