US History II Exam I
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What did the historian Frederick Jackson Turner argue about the importance of the western frontier in American history in 1893?
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Americans expanded because they had room to expand, whereas Europeans did not. The availability of land provided opportunities for social mobility
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Why did the U.S. government decide to move Indians to reservations around the mid-nineteenth century?
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The land had many resources.
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What was the outcome of Native Americans' settlement on reservavtions in the late nineteenth century?
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Dependence on the government
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Which group or groups decimated the buffalo herds on the Great Plains in the late nineteenth century?
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The Army, and white, hired buffalo hunters (irresponsible)
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In what manner did William Tecumseh Sherman successfully defeat the Comancheria?
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Scorched Earth Policy -- burned their means of living
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What w the outcome of the second treaty of Fort Laramie?
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US granted Native Americans rights to sacred land (Black Hills) only to mine it later for gold
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What occurred under the \"outing\" system of the 1880s?
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Indian children went to school and were taught to be civilized -- they lived with white families
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What was the outcome of the Dawes Act of 1887?
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Divided up reservations, reducing Indian land significantly
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What was the Ghost Dance?
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Religion combining Christian and Traditional Indian rituals performed to destroy the white man by resurrecting fallen warriors to take vengeance.
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What was the Comstock Lode?
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The largest, richest vein of Silver (located in Nevada)
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For what reason were African - American troops serving in the West during hte Indian Wars known as Buffalo soldiers?
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Indians thought their hair resembled buffalo hair.
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What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
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Barred Chinese immigration, and ultimately decreased their population
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What did the Homestead Act of 1862 promise to potential migrants to the West
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Free 160 acres to an citizen who settled the land for 5 years
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Which of the following describes the Gilded Age?
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Full of vulgarity, materialism, greed, corruption
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John D. Rockefeller first organized Standard Oil as a trust to
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control all elements of production, gain legal standing,
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What was the purpose of vertical integration, which was pioneered by Andrew Carnegie in the late nineteenth century?
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To own all aspects of production of steel, from the raw materials to the transport of final products
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Which of the following was true of Standard Oil in the 1890s?
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90% of oil business Employed nearly 100,000 people largest most feared and admired business organization employed vertical and horizontal integration
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What was accomplished by J. P. Morgans' railroad companies' practice of issuing watered stock
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He gained huge profits form issuing more shares than the assets of the company warranted... Ultimately caused much railroad debt
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How did Alexander Graam Bell's telephone revolutionize both communications and business in America?
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Gave instantaneous communications to people and business in both local and nationwide settings
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What is an oligopoly
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a market form in which a market is dominated by a small number of sellers
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What message did Andrew Carnegie promote in his gospel of wealth?
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God gave him the wealth and he was to use it to help the less fortunate. Trustees and agents for the poor
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The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Comission and
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prevented newly elected from appointing supporters to positions they were unqualified for.
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How effective was the Interstate Commerce Commission, the nation's first federal regulatory agency?
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Not very! Not strong enough to really impose any laws
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The Greenback Labor Party believed that the government should issue paper currency based on
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total wealth of the nation
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When advocates of bimetallism referred to the crime of '73, they were talking about
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Republican Congress' voting to stop buying and minting silver
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The Knights of Labor was
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the first massive labor organization
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The racism directed at ethnic immigrant groups in America in the late nineteenth century
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was the first to combination of racial and ethnic groups (along with religious)
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Southern blacks migrated to northern cities in the 1890s
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seeking economic opportunity, get away from institutionalized segregation and persecution (safety)
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Congress approved a literacy test for immigrants in 1896 to
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limit the influx of uneducated
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Which modes of transportation first allowed late-nineteenth-century cities to expand into the suburbs?
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The horse drawn car and streetcar
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The Haymarket affair of 1886
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was a rally of laborers organized by radicals, bombings, violence, etc.
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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was
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spontaneous and unorganized, though nationwide
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The \"Chicago school\" of the late nineteenth century was
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a skilled group of commercial architects who created modern structures like skyscrapers
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How did business expansion and consolidation affect the social structure in the late nineteenth centure United States?
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It created a new class of white male managers
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The farmers' Alliance movement of the 1880s aimed to help farmers
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create cooperatives (co-ops) and gain greater economic independence
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What occurrence sparked the Homestead lockout and ensuing strike in 1892?
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Carnegie and Frick didn't renew the workers' contracts
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What decision mad by Henry Clay Frick led to the deaths and injuries that took place at the Homestead mill in 1892?
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Pinkerton mercenaries
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What issue triggered the Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894?
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Mine owners moved to lenthen work day from 8 to 10 hours
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Which event led to the end of the Pullman strike of 1893?
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Eugene Debs was jailed
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After Frances Willard assumed the presidency of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, the focus of the organization gradually changed to include
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labor conditions and voting rights
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In 1894, Jacob S. Coxey led thousands of unemployed people to Washington to propose a plan to
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put jobless to work building roads
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How did the People's Party fare in the presidential election of 1892?
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Fairly well! 1,000,000 votes!
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Which candidate made the eloquent plea for free silver -- \"Do not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold\" -- in 1896
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William J. Bryan
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What factor posed a major obstacle to the alignment of the Populists and Democrats in the election of 1896?
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Arthur Seawall!
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The Boxer uprising in China in 1899 targetted
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missionaries and their families
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The U.S. role in the 1895 border crisis in Venezuela signaled to the world that
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hegemony -- imperialism and ruling by threat of force, not even necessarily there
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The Platt Amendment in the 1898 Cuban constitution
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was put in place to oversee Cuban debt
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What occurence provoked America's entrance in to the Spanish - American War in 1898?
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The sinking of the USS Maine
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The Treaty of Paris that ended the war with Spain ceded which islnds to the United States?
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Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
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What did Jacob Riis achieve with his best selling \"How the Other Half Lives\"?
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Opened the eyes of the middle class to the conditions of people in the slums
