JRL 101 Ch. 9 and 10
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Cyberspace
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-Describe the internet and the interactions that take place there -Taken from word cybernetics (science of communication and control theory) -Used in 1982 magazine story by William Gibson -Also coined cyberpunk (Style of writing and movies that deal with the blurring of the lines between humans and computers)
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Why was I Love Lucy considered controversial when it first came out?
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-Ball is white and Arnaz (husband) is Hispanic -Wanted to be broadcast live from California
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What year did all US TV broadcasting become digital?
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-2009
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What is a V-Chip?
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-An electronic device allowing parents to block programs with certain content ratings -Started to be included in TV sets
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Who is Jorge Ramos?
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-He is an evening news anchor at Univision. -Spanish immigrant
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Univision
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-Nations 5th largest broadcast network
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What are Spanish-language TV soap operas primarily called?
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-Telenovelas -Make up top 15 of the top 20 Spanish programs -Popular in both Latin America and US
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"Users should be able to link to any document at anywhere in the world" was a principle upon which the World Wide Web was based on, but who was the man behind it?
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-Tim Berners-Lee
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Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf are known for what?
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-Created rules for networks to communicate with each other -Protocol known as TCP/IP
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TCP/IP
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-Transmission Control Protocol: controls how data are sent out on the internet -Internet Protocol: provides the address for each computer on the Internet
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Individual stations became cautious about broadcasting serious programs that contained nudity, violence, or harsh language because of what 2004 Super Bowl event?
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-Justin Timberlake exposed Janet Jackson's breast for nine-sixteenths of a second
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Three media outlets that could be considered a "click and mortar" media outlets
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-Gannett -NBC -Disney
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What is "click and mortar" media outlets?
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-Legacy Media companies that publish news online -Have larger economic and journalistic resources than the than do the dot-coms and include existing media companies
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World Wide Web became the standard for posting documents on the documents on the Internet because the creator did what?
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-Berners-Lee gave the software away for free
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"It's the first prime-time network series in four decades to led by an African American woman." What show is this?
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- Scandal
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What cyberpunk author has expressed concern over that people will get such specialized news through online filters that they will be isolated from news they need?
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-William Gibson
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What is packet switching?
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-Method for breaking up long messages into small pieces, or packets, and transmitting them independently across a computer network. Once the packets arrive at their destination, the receiving computer reassembles the original message into its original form
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"They have lost 1/3 of all their viewers to cable, syndicated programming, and independent stations." Who are these Big Three TV networks?
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-NBC -CBS -ABC
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Three technological ways people connect to the Internet
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-Computer -Smartphone -Tablet
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What factors are behind the fact that our definition of what broadcasting is has changed?
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-The convergence of TV and the Internet
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What is the biggest advantage of distributing a movie over the Internet instead of theaters in terms of cost?
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-Low cost
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What is the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967?
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-Established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to provide funds for a wide range of noncommercial programs, including public service and educational programs
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What major company is known for doing TV ratings in the US?
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-Nielsen Media Research
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What movie revolutionized Internet-based promotion of films?
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-The Blair Witch Project -405: First big hit on the internet
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What percentage of the world's population has access to the Internet?
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-40%
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What percentage of the US population has access to the Internet?
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-75%
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What show made PBS attract its first significant audiences?
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-Sesame Street
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PBS
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-Public Broadcasting Service -Nonprofit broadcast network that provides a wide range of public service and educational programs -Funded by government appropriations, private industry underwriting, and viewer support
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Name three ways audience members can interact with cable and broadcast TV
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-Video on demand - order movies, news, or other programs that are digitally delivered at anytime over fiber-optic lines -Active participants in the programming (American Idol, SNL) -DVRs - record programs and view them whenever they wish
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What was broadcast networks' initial response to HBO going air in 1975?
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-Requested permission from FCC to start sending out its programming nationwide via satellite -Initial response: Big Three did not object
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HBO
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-Home Box Office -First service to make leap from merely providing access to providing programming
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"They can be punished if they are critical of the government" is applicable to bloggers of what country of 1.3 billion citizens?
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-China
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What was the ARPAnet?
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-Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects agency -First nationwide computer network -First major component of the Internet
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What was Twitter's big innovation?
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-It was a medium that combines elements of mobile text messaging, online instant messaging, and a good dose of blogging -Let people connect using messages no longer than 140 characters
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What Web browser was the first to be able to handle graphics?
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-Mosaic -Created by a group of student programmers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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What will be the next-generation Internet be used primarily for?
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-Converging the old media (newspapers and magazines) and putting it all online -Email, IM, Listervs, Newsgroups, and discussion boards
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What's the purpose of network affiliates?
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-They work with TV networks -TV network is a company that provide programs to local stations around the country -Local affiliates stations choose which programs to carry
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"They are the channels you pay extra for and that do not carry commercials" are what sort of channels? Two examples
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-Premium Channels -HBO -Showtime
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Who invented the basic technology for TV?
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-Philo T. Farnsworth -Developed principle ideas at 14 -Produced a working TV transmission system at 21
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Why are TV networks now showing more diverse programming than before?
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-Before: TV shows were showing a world of white, middle class males -This led to protests from Latino and African American groups -Now: Some improvement but minorities are still underrepresented
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Why could video games be considered a new mass medium?
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-Center for online community -Profitable part of pop culture -Major element of media synergy
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Why do critics worry that TV has strong influence on young people? Give three examples
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-Spend a lot of time watching TV (Average person spends 4 hours a day watching TV, 15 hours a week, and 21 hours a week the TV is on while the person is doing other things) -Dominates free time (Spends half leisure time watching TV and more than 1/3 of US population watches TV in the evening) -Children spend 4.5 hours a day watching TV
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Why was the conversion from analog to digital TV broadcasting delayed by several months in 2009?
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-Analog sets went dark without either conversion box or cable/satellite
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What is the Internet?
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-New mass medium incorporating elements of interpersonal, group, and mass communications
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Ted Turner
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-Cable Pioneer -Inherits failing billboard company from father -Buys channel 17 in Atlanta -Buys Atlanta Braves and Hawk sports franchises to provide programming for channel -CNN: first 24 hour news network -Developed idea of repacking content across multiple channels -1996: Faces financial trouble and is taken by Time Warner
