Understanding Computer chapter 1, 8, 9
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A(n) ____ is a collection of an individual's work accessible through a Web site.
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e-portfolio
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The ____ is the most commonly used Internet search type.
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keyword search
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Because she is an avid baseball fan, Brenda has subscribed to the ____ feed of her local team so that news about her team is delivered to her as it becomes available.
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RSS
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RSS (Rich Site Summary) is a format for delivering regularly changing web content. Many news-related sites, weblogs and other online publishers syndicate their content as an RSS Feed to whoever wants it.
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What is RSS?
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Most search sites use a ____—a software program—in conjunction with a huge database of information about Web pages to help visitors find Web pages that contain the information they are seeking.
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search engine
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limit search results to just those pages with a specific Web page title, URL, text, or top-level domain.
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Field searches
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To navigate to a new Web page for which you know the URL, type that URL in the browser's ____ and press Enter.
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Address bar
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There are a number of special Web pages, called ____, available to help you locate what you are looking for on the Internet.
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search sites
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Sarah has hired a programmer to create a Web page for her business. What type of programming language will the programmer use?
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XHTML
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There are independent Web sites (such as the ____ Web site) that report on the validity of current online rumors and stories
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Snopes
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____ refers to guidelines for online behavior
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Netiquette
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Ultraportables conforming to Intel's standards can be marketed as ____.
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Ultrabooks
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A ____ is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together so that users can share hardware, software, and data, as well as electronically communicate with each other
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computer network
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Computing technologies make it possible to have ____, traditional appliances with some type of built-in computer or communications technology.
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smart appliances
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The term ____ refers to the programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do.
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software
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Hollerith's machine was used to process the 1890 U.S. Census data and was able to complete the task in ____, instead of the decade it usually took to process the data by hand
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two and a half years
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Common input devices include the keyboard and ____.
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mouse
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____ occurs when data is entered into the computer
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Input
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Two of the most common types of communications hardware are ____ and network adapters.
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modems
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____ are unique numeric or text-based addresses used to identify resources accessible through the Internet, such as computers, Web pages, and people
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Internet addresses
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A ____ is loosely defined as a very small device that has some built-in computing or Internet capability.
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mobile device
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Hybrid notebook-tablet computers are also called ____.
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convertible tablets
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____ refers to typing your entire e-mail message or discussion group post using only capital letters
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Shouting
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A(n) ____ is a medium-sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network
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midrange server
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A personal computer (PC) or ____ is a small computer system designed to be used by one person at a time
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microcomputer
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With the advent of ____, integrated circuits incorporating many transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip, allowed computers to be even smaller and more reliable than earlier computers.
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third-generation computers
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Similar to the way an IP address or domain name uniquely identifies a computer on the Internet, a ____ uniquely identifies a Web page
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uniform resource locator (URL)
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When data is processed into a meaningful form, it becomes ____.
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information
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In a nutshell, blogs are designed for primarily one-way running communications, while ____ are intended to be modified by others.
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wikis
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Brenda also orders movies and television through the Internet via a(n) ____ provider, which allows users to download video for a small fee.
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VOD
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____ is the most widely used type of home broadband connection, with over half of the home broadband market.
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Cable Internet access
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____, as it relates to the Internet, encompasses what information about individuals is available, how it is used, and by whom
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Privacy
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Common online investing services include the ability to set up a(n) ____ that displays the status of the stocks you specify.
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Online portfolio
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Today, the standard term for placing telephone calls over any type of data network (including the Internet, as well as a LAN, WAN, or other type of data network) is ____.
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VOIP
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Every day, Anthony makes a new post to his personal ____, which is a Web page that displays entries in chronological order.
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blog
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____ sites allow you to generate map and driving directions and provide access to specific types of useful information
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Reference
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Online shopping and online investing are examples of ____.
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e-commerce
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____ is a new alternative for homes and businesses today in areas where there is fiber optic cabling available all the way to the building.
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BoF
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____ is an online news tool designed for facilitating the delivery of news articles, podcasts, and other content regularly published to a Web site.
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RSS
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____ refers to any instruction delivered via the Web
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Web-based training (WBT)
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Many Web pages today use ____ —small text files that are stored on your hard drive by a Web server, typically the one associated with the Web page being viewed—to identify return visitors and their preferences.
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cookies
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____ are businesses or other organizations that provide Internet access to others, typically for a fee.
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Internet service providers (ISPs)
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____ are companies that manage and distribute Web-based software services to customers over the Internet.
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Application service providers (ASPs)
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Anthony regularly visits several popular political ____, which are Web pages designed to facilitate written discussions between people on specific subjects
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message boards
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To determine if the information from a Web page can be trusted, you should evaluate both the ____ and the source.
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author
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____ is charged with such responsibilities as IP address allocation and domain name management
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ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
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____ cookies are cookies placed on your hard drive by a company other than the one associated with the Web page that you are viewing—typically a Web advertising company
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Third-party
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One objective of the ____ project was to create a computer network that would allow researchers located in different places to communicate with each other.
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ARPANET
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One advantage of a dial-up connection is ____.
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security
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Internet Explorer users can view and/or delete cookies and other temporary files by using the ____ dialog box
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Internet Options
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Conventional dial-up connects to the Internet at a maximum of ____.
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56 Kbps
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Direct Internet connections are typically ____ connections
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broadband
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The primary infrastructure that makes up the ____ is typically owned by communications companies, such as telephone and cable companies
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Internet backbone
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Phishing schemes may use a technique called ____, which is setting up spoofed Web sites with addresses slightly different from legitimate sites
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typosquatting
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The ____, implemented in 2001, grants federal authorities expanded surveillance and intelligence-gathering powers, such as broadening their ability to obtain the real identity of Internet users and to intercept Internet communications
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USA Patriot Act
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Like a computer virus, a ____ is a malicious program designed to cause damage.
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computer worm
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software can control which devices can be connected to an employee's computer
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Data-leakage prevention
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A booming area of computer crime involves online fraud, theft, scams, and related activities collectively referred to as ____
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dot cons
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A computer that is controlled by a hacker or other computer criminal is referred to as a ____.
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bot
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Repeated threats or other harassment carried out online between adults is referred to as ____.
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cyberstalking
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The best protection against many dot cons is ____.
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common sense
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A computer ____ spreads by creating copies of its code and sending those copies to other computers via a network.
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worm
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Advocates of ____ state that, unless individuals or businesses protect their access points, they are welcoming others to use them.
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war driving
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The term ____ refers to accessing someone else's unsecured WiFi network from the hacker's current location (such as inside his or her home, outside a Wi-Fi hotspot location, or near a local business).
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Wi-Fi piggybacking
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When a digitally signed document is received, the recipient's computer uses the sender's ____ key to verify the digital signature.
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public
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Melissa also decided to use a(n) ____, which continuously monitors and analyzes the traffic allowed to and from the network to detect possible attacks as they are occurring and block them.
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IPS
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A ____ provides a secure private tunnel from the user's computer through the Internet to another destination and is most often used to provide remote employees with secure access to a company network
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virtual private network
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____ is a generic term that refers to any type of malicious software.
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Malware
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____ is a type of scam that uses spoofed domain names to obtain personal information for use in fraudulent activities.
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Pharming
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Antivirus programs are usually set up to automatically download new ____ from their associated Web site on a regular basis.
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threat definitions
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The green color of the Address bar in the accompanying figure indicates that the site is using a valid ____ SSL certificate.
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EV
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The technician tells Fernando that his computer has a ____, which might have gotten into Fernando's computer when he downloaded a free computer game from the Internet.
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virus
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Some Webbased encrypted email systems—such as the popular free ____ service—require both the sender and recipient to have accounts through that system
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HushMail
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____, the most commonly used type of possessed knowledge, are secret words or character combinations associated with an individual
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Passwords
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To explain acceptable computer use to their employees, students, or other users, many organizations and educational institutions publish guidelines for behavior, often called ____.
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codes of conduct
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A ____ is a malicious program that masquerades as something else—usually as some type of application program
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Trojan horse
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____ occurs when someone obtains enough information about a person to be able to masquerade as that person for a variety of activities—usually to buy products or services in that person's name
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Identity theft
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One emerging type of Trojan horse is called a ____-Access Trojan.
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Remote
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A computer ____ is a software program that is installed without the permission or knowledge of the computer user, that is designed to alter the way a computer operates, and that can replicate itself to infect any new media it has access to.
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virus
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____ includes any acts of malicious destruction to a computer or computer resource
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Computer sabotage
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A ____ is a security system that essentially creates a wall between a computer or network and the Internet in order to protect against unauthorized access.
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firewall
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____ uses a single secret key to both encrypt and decrypt the file or message.
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Private key encryption
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____ identify users by a particular unique biological characteristic
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Biometric access systems
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One of the first items that Melissa installed was a(n) ____, which checks all incoming and outgoing traffic and only allows authorized traffic to pass through
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firewall
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The ____ includes provisions to combat cyberterrorism, including protecting ISPs against lawsuits from customers for revealing private information to law enforcement agencies
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Homeland Security Act of 2002
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____ access systems use physical objects for identification purposes and they are frequently used to control access to facilities and computer systems
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Possessed object
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____ refers to the act of breaking into a computer or network.
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Hacking
