BIG MAMA Online World History A Final Review Part 1 – Flashcards
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Scientists believe that humanlike beings known as hominids migrated to other parts of the world from which initial location?
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Africa
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Which of the following is a scientist that works to uncover artifacts, physically unearthing these objects and the remains of people who created them?
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archaeologist
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Which early humanlike being had the largest brain size, making them advanced hunters resulting in the disappearance
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Homo sapiens
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Which sequence accurately portrays the chronological order in which hominids evolved
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Australopithecine, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
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Approximately how many years passed between the first occurrences of Homo sapiens and the development of organized
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200,000
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Mary Leakey's 1970s discovery of fossilized human footprints in Laetoli, Tanzania revealed that
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hominids walked upright over 3.5 million years ago
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Select the most appropriate description of a nomadic tribe.
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group of people who traveled from location to location following herds of animals, which provided food and clothing
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What period of history refers to the time when people did not leave written records?
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prehistory
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What supported larger populations and led to the development of towns?
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Cultivation of crops
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What is characterized by record keeping, writing, specialized labor, government, and religious institutions?
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A civilization
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Which of the following was NOT one of the characteristics of early civilizations?
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Governments were not formed as cities grew and anarchy was prevalent
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Civilizations developed due to man's ability to _______.
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specialize and divide labor
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Once humans learned how to grow plants, herd animals, and make pottery to store food, humans transitioned from hunter/gatherers to what?
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Producers
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Who was at risk of early death due to the contamination of water and animal-borne diseases?
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early farmers who cultivated crops and domesticated animals
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Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Neolithic agricultural revolution?
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People continued to follow the herds
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Why did people begin to settle close to rivers nearly 5,000 years ago?
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They utilized the flooding for fertile silt deposits and water for crops.
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Humans began to learn how to use stone tools approximately ten thousand years ago. What is this period of learning transformation called?
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The Neolithic Revolution
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Civilizations flourished due to all of the following EXCEPT:
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ability to gather berries and hunt wild animals
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A(n) _______ could be found researching and writing about the type of paint used to create cave paintings that were discovered by a(n) _______.
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art historian; archaeologist
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Civilizations developed due to man's ability to _______.
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specialize and divide labor
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A(n) _______ could be found researching and writing about the type of paint used to create cave paintings that were discovered by a(n) _______.
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art historian; archaeologist
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Why did people begin to settle close to rivers nearly 5,000 years ago?
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They utilized the flooding for fertile silt deposits and water for crops
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Select the most appropriate description of a nomadic tribe.
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group of people who traveled from location to location following herds of animals, which provided food and clothing
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Which hominids are the same species as modern humans?
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Homo sapiens
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What is culture?
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a learned way of living, such as the language one speaks
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Which early humanlike being had the largest brain size, making them advanced hunters resulting in the disappearance of the giant mastodons and mammoths?
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Homo sapiens
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Which hominid is responsible for learning how to control fire?
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Homo erectus
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Which of the following responsibilities would NOT be part of an archaeologist's typical job duties?
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writing about the colors used in various artworks located in a museum
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Which hominid was known as the "handy man" and developed tools with sharp edges
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Homo habilis
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Which hominid, existing approximately 400,000-130,000 years ago, is known as "wise man" due to his increased brain size and ability to trap large prey?
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Homo sapiens
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What period of history refers to the time when people did not leave written records?
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prehistory
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From which situation was Moses believed to have saved the Israelites?
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the enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt
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Which Fertile Crescent society developed an alphabet that was later the basis for the Greek alphabet?
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Phoenicians
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What event occurred in Canaan that caused many Israelites to move to Egypt?
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A drought
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Who invaded the Akkadian Empire and took control of the city of Babylon
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Amorites
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What society was based on trade because of its limited resources and proximity to the sea and invented glassblowing?
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Phoenicia
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Who was the ruler of Akkad that united many of the cities and created the first national army?
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Sargon I
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By what means are the Ten Commandments said to have arrived?
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revealed to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai
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What society maintained peace and strict control within its empire by developing a strong and brutal warrior society
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Assyrians
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What is the main idea in the Epic of Gilgamesh?
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There are certain behaviors associated with civilized life
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The city of Sumer, located along the Persian Gulf, made significant contributions to future civilizations. Which of the following is NOT one of those contributions
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created three-man chariot
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What caused the formation of a hierarchical structure within the Sumerian Civilization?
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Trade flourished and people specialized in one occupation
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The heart of the Persian communication network existed due to the development of __________.
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a high quality road system
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Whose conquests led to the development of the Persian Empire?
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Cyrus the Great
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Hammurabi's Code allowed for different punishments according to class. This reflects:
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A caste system
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Which empire was ruled by Cyrus the Great?
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Persian
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Which civilization developed a written language known as cuneiform?
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Sumerian
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Which of the following is NOT one of the achievements reached during Persian rule?
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The Ishtar Gate
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Which leader, also known as King of the Amorites, was the first to develop a code of laws meant to keep order and addressed all aspects of daily life?
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Hammurabi
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Identify the river valley believed to be the location of the first known civilization, Mesopotamia
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Tigris-Euphrates River Valley
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Because the Hittites used cuneiform to write their own language and adopted laws similar to Hammurabi's code, they were considered what kind of culture?
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Blended
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Who was the last king of the united Hebrew state that erected the First Temple?
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King Solomon
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Zoroaster believed all of the following EXCEPT:
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Several gods should be worshipped
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Why did the flooding of the Tigris-Euphrates river system benefit civilizations that developed there?
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The floods would leave silt deposits behind, resulting in fertile soil.
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Which Egyptian ruler was known for expanding trade, particularly one expedition to Punt that resulted in the acquisition of goods such as spices, myrrh, and wild animals?
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Hatshepsut
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What ancient civilization advanced art, writing, and science?
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Egyptians
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Which of the following members of Egyptian society were NOT allowed to erect a tomb located beside royal pyramids?
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Peasants
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What technologically advanced civilization greatly influenced the Nubian society
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Egypt
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Identify the correct order of the mummification process
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embalming of body, removal of organs, dehydration and preservation of body, wrapped in linen
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Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons ancient Egypt prospered for such a long period of time in the Nile River Valley?
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The capture of the Israelites by an Egyptian pharaoh converted the civilization from a polytheistic to a monotheistic society based on Judaism.
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In which ancient civilization did inhospitable deserts and a marshy seacoast prevent invasion from outside forces and promote self-sufficiency?
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Egypt
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Who is known as the greatest woman to become Pharaoh and is often depicted wearing a fake beard and dressed like a man?
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Hatshepsut
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How were the women in Egypt treated by the men?
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Both men and women were provided with equal legal rights.
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What describes the government of the Old Kingdom in which pharaohs assumed the divine power of a god and the authority of a king?
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Theocracy
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Which of the following is the system of writing used by ancient Egyptians, which were only deciphered upon the discovery of the Rosetta Stone?
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hieroglyphics
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Which Egyptian pharaoh established a monotheistic religion in Egypt, and was believed to be the father of King Tutankhamen?
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Amenhotep IV
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Egyptian pharaohs wore head coverings or crowns to symbolize the parts of Egypt they controlled. If a pharaoh wore a white crown, what part of Egypt did they control?
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Upper Egypt
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With the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, which ancient Egyptian writing was finally deciphered?
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Hieroglyphics
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During what period did a highly structured bureaucracy and government headed by the Egyptian pharaoh develop?
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Old Kingdom
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During the reign of Amenhotep IV, Egypt became a monotheistic empire. What does this mean?
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People worshiped only one god
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Egyptian pyramids were believed to have been constructed by which group of people?
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craftspeople and peasants
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Which text provided spells and rituals for ancient Egyptians in order to prepare the deceased for a safe journey to the afterlife?
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Book of the Dead
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Which pharaoh was responsible for building the first pyramid?
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Djoser
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Which pharaoh restored polytheism in Egypt after the reign of Amenhotep IV?
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Tutankhamen
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Who was one of the few female pharaohs that ruled Egypt?
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Hatshepsut
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Which of the following pharaohs did NOT create the Great Pyramids?
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Ramses
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What occurred to deter further invasion of Egypt after the Hyksos from Syria invaded and took control during the Middle Kingdom?
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Egyptians overthrew the Hyksos and conquered Kush and the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
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What type of government was created to rule ancient Egypt?
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theocracy
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How did monsoons in India impact the development of civilization?
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Flooding caused by monsoons made the land fertile for agriculture
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Which philosophical leader was born in 500 BC in India and later became known as Buddha, or the enlightened one?
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Which Hindu god has been portrayed as both a mother goddess and a frightening, destructive deity?
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Devi
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People became personally devoted to a particular Hindu deity. What impacted the popularity of their devotion to that deity?
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Their selection reflected their pre-Aryan origin
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During which Chinese dynasty was the Silk Road established?
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Han
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What religion is the language of pali associated with?
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Buddhism
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According to Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths are ideas to explain suffering and reveal the means to overcome the desire that causes suffering. What is the process to overcome desire called?
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Eightfold Path
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Why is relatively little known about the Indus society?
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Indus writing systems have yet to be deciphered.
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Which of the following would a Jain do to practice their idea of ahimsa?
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avoid stepping on an ant
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Near what rivers did the early Indian civilization develop?
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Ganges and Indus Rivers
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Which of the following natural hazards is Japan vulnerable to?
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All of the above
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What philosophical leader, known as Kongfuzi, believed in the importance of practicing manners and treating others with respect?
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Confucius
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What East Asian culture was known as the "Land of the Rising Sun" due to their location off the Pacific Coast?
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Japan
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Which of the following is NOT an achievement of the Shang dynasty
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caste system
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What group of people are believed to be the first to exist in Japan?
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Ainu
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What primary means provided the civilizations of Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia with the ability to trade?
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waterways
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Which religion developed the sacred language known as Sanskrit?
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Hinduism
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During the Shang dynasty, bronze vessels were created with animal masks, becoming more ornate as time progressed. What are these masks called?
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tao tie
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Which geographical term best describes Japan?
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Archipelago
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Identify the incorrect statement about Alexander the Great and his conquests during the 300s BC
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After he conquered Egypt, Alexander ordered the destruction of the Great Library of Alexandria to discourage the pursuit of knowledge.
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Which ruling party in the Athenian government was responsible for writing laws?
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The Council of 500
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In an attempt to block the Persian invasion, three hundred Spartan soldiers held the Persian forces off for days at which battle?
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Thermopylae
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Who invented a screw device that is still used for pumping liquid today?
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Archimedes
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From which two previous cultures did the Greek civilization develop?
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Minoans and Mycenaeans
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What is the name of the open marketplace in the Greek city-state, that consisted of shops and businesses
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Agora
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Which of the following is NOT true about the development of democracy in ancient Greece?
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The Council of 500 refers to the number of times a woman could vote.
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What was the first civilization of the central Mediterranean, located largely on the island of Crete?
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Minoans
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How many scrolls is it believed the Great Library of Alexandria contained at its peak?
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over 500,000
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Which is NOT true about the Spartan civilization?
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Women were not allowed to own property and were of the same social status as slaves
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To be eligible to vote and participate in the Assembly, Athenians had to be:
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males over 18
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The Persian emperor Darius continued to devise ways to conquer the Greek mainland. When he died in 486 BC, which son arranged for the invasion of Greece?
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Xerxes
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Identify the phrase that best describes the geography of Greece.
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numerous small islands and peninsulas in the Mediterranean Sea
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Who calculated the circumference of the Earth to a high degree of accuracy?
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Erastostenes
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Sparta became concerned with the growing power of Athens and the Delian League and formed an alliance of its own with a few other city-states. What were these city-states known as?
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Peloponnesian League
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Which of the following was NOT one of the three ruling parties in the Athenian government?
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The Senate
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Which philosopher started an Academy to provide a place for philosophers to teach others about the pursuit of wisdom?
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Plato
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What were the wars between the various city-states of Greece known as?
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Peloponnesian
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Which of the following scholars and scientists are associated with the Great Library of Alexandria?
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Euclid
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What group formed the basis for the army in Greek city-states?
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Hoplite
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How did the Pax Romana affect the spread of Christianity?
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Construction of roads made travel easier.
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Two magistrates that were elected for a one year term and were the chief executives of the state were called:
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Consuls
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Which of the following originated form northern Italy and greatly influenced Roman society in the early stages of Roman history?
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Etruscans
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The Law of the Twelve Tables applied to the Plebeian class and addressed various aspects of Roman society. To which other class did this law apply?
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Particians
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The Republican government of the Roman Empire consisted of three branches. Which of the following is NOT one of those three branches?
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The Court
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Christians were allowed to practice their religion free from persecution under the leadership of which Roman emperor?
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Constantine
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Select the Roman architectural structure that resembles the shopping malls of today.
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Markets and Forum of Trajan
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Plebeians elected their own officials who had the power to veto laws viewed as unfair to the Plebeians. What were these officials known as?
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Tribunes
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When the Romans conquered the Etruscans in 616 BC, they created a new form of government called a:
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Republic
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Realizing that there would be no soldiers to protect Rome without these people, the wealthy patricians devised a system to provide some form of governing power to which common people?
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Plebeians
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What apostle made an effort to appeal to Gentiles?
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Paul
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In order to maintain control over its vast territory, Rome was divided into different territories and controlled by the the First Triumvirate. The men that belonged to the First Triumvirate were:
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Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, and Licinius Crassus
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During times of trouble which of the following was selected to a period of no more than six months?
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Dictator
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Select the most accurate cause of the Punic Wars
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The Roman Republic grew, so they needed to expand their territory by conquering other lands, including Carthage.
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Which Roman was the first emperor of Rome?
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Augustus Caesar
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Who were wealthy Roman citizens who elected officials within their social class to run government?
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Patricians
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What is the period of time called in which Rome flourished beginning with the reign of Augustus and ending with the reign of Marcus Aurelius?
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Pax Romana
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What best describes the ancient Roman family?
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Patriarchal
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Which of the following was the official language of the Roman Empire, and considered a standard course for all educated Europeans?
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Latin
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What important event occurred on the Ides of March, 44 BC?
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Julius Caesar was assassinated
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Who was the first emperor of Rome?
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Augustus Caesar
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Why did Hebrew religious beliefs cause tension and conflicts with other societies of the Fertile Crescent?
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Hebrews would not recognize various gods of the local city-states.
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Which of the following is a scientist that works to uncover artifacts, physically unearthing these objects and the remains of people who created them?
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archaeologist
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How was the Great Library of Alexandria destroyed?
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It was destroyed in a series of fires over several hundred years.
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What was the "bread and circuses" program?
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chariot and gladiator games to provide entertainment for the poor Romans
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Why didn't Jewish people adopt Roman religious practices?
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Jews were monotheistic.
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Which slaves did the Spartans use for farming and manual labor in order to prepare for and train for war?
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Helots
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Why did the flooding of the Tigris-Euphrates river system benefit civilizations that developed there?
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The floods would leave silt deposits behind, resulting in fertile soil.
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What was the primary cause of the Punic Wars in ancient Rome?
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Rome began a policy of imperialism to obtain more land.
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Which of the following is NOT a result of one's culture?
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need for oxygen
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The city of Sumer, located along the Persian Gulf, made significant contributions to future civilizations. Which of the following is NOT one of those contributions?
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created three-man chariot
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From which situation was Moses believed to have saved the Israelites?
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the enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt
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A person could only be a citizen of Athens if:
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Both of the person's parents were citizens of Athens
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In ancient Rome, the wealthy noble citizens were known as
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patricians.
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Which ruler was responsible for conquering the Persian Empire?
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Alexander the Great
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What occurred to deter further invasion of Egypt after the Hyksos from Syria invaded and took control during the Middle Kingdom?
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Egyptians overthrew the Hyksos and conquered Kush and the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Which ancient Indian cities were constructed with streets organized in a rectangular grid, had sewer and trash systems, and multistoried buildings made of brick?
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Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
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Which civilization was responsible for the invention of the wheel?
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Sumerians
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What prompted Siddhartha Gautama to find the solution to eliminate human suffering?
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He witnessed humans suffering from sickness, poverty, and death.
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On what collection of sacred knowledge did the Aryans base their religion?
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Vedas
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Under whose reign did Buddhism flourish in China and spread to southeast Asia?
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Ashoka
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What was the purpose for the construction of the Great Wall of China?
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It was built to protect China from invaders.
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The "Land of the Rising Sun" refers to which East Asian civilization?
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Japan
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The result of the Peloponnesian War was the eventual defeat of what?
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The Delian League
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The Roman republican government was divided into three branches. Which branch controlled daily affairs and acted as judges and priests?
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The Magistrates
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Buddhism is based on what concepts?
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Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to enlightenment
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To what did the Law of the Twelve Tables in ancient Rome refer
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There were twelve large bronze tablets inscribed with laws.
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What group did the Greeks encounter at the end of the Dark Age?
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Phoenicians
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What type of government was created to rule ancient Egypt?
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What type of government was created to rule ancient Egypt?
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As a result of the ultimate Athenian and Spartan defeat of the Persians in 479 BC, the surrounding city-states rallied behind Athens forming an alliance. What was this alliance known as?
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The Delian League
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After the Dark Age, the Greeks adapted what alphabet to their language?
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Phoenician
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What type of government ruled by individuals from a few ruling families?
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Oligarchy
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Which emperor was credited with originating Pax Romana, reviving Rome after Julius Caesar's death? He said that he found Rome in bricks, yet left it in marble.
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Augustus
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What technologically advanced civilization greatly influenced the Nubian society?
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Egypt
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Hoplite soldiers marched in a rectangular formation where foot soldiers held out their spears, allowing them to create a human shield. What was this formation called?
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Phalanx
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Continued tension between the Greek city-states weakened the region and resulted in all of Greece falling to which region?
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Macedonia
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Which Indo-European invader controlled a larger territory in the Fertile Crescent?
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Assyrians
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The agora was a place where Greeks could:
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shop in the open marketplace
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What best describes the ancient Roman family?
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Patriarchal
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Which brutal, mentally unstable Roman emperor ruled from 37 - 41 CE?
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Caligula
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Identify the action taken by Emperor Constantine that impacted the spread of Christianity throughout Rome.
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He signed a decree making Christianity legal in Rome.
