ap psych ch 7 practice test – Flashcards
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Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
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flashbulb memories
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Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
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short term
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Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of
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encoding
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Retroactive interference involves the disruption of
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memory retrieval
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Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.
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implicit, explicit
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Learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates
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retroactive interference
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Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem strategy best illustrates
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trial and error
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Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called
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algorithms
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Proactive and retroactive interference contribute most strongly to the
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serial position effect
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Bilingual children, who inhibit one language while using the other, can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information. This has been called
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bilingual advantage
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Introductory psychology students were more likely to achieve a good midterm exam grade if prior to the exam they repeatedly practiced visual imagery that involved
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process simulation
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Jahmal cites his cousin Luana's many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal's prejudicial conclusion about women's driving skills best illustrates the effects of
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conformation bias
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Déjà vu refers to the
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eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event.
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The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called
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fixation
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Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory.
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explicit
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Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect?
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Repeated quizzing of information increases the chances it will be recalled.
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Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
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recall, recognition
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In one experiment, Wolfgang Köhler watched an ape suddenly solve a problem of reaching bananas hanging from the ceiling by stacking and climbing up a number of crates. Which of the following did Köhler conclude the ape used in problem solving?
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insight
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The association of sadness with memories of negative life events contributes to
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mood congruent memory
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The organization of information into meaningful units is called
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chunking
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Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called
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retrieval clues
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Which of the following was cited by Whorf as evidence in support of the linguistic determinism hypothesis?
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The Hopi cannot readily think about the past because their language has no past tense for verbs.
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The process of getting information out of memory is called
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retrieval
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Heuristics are
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simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently.
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Every day as she walks to school, Mamie passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?
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Mamie has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into long-term memory.
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Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of
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semantic encoding
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The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect.
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serial position
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Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty
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syntax
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An attorney uses misleading questions in an attempt to distort a court witness' recall of a previously observed crime. This best illustrates
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misinformation effect
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Superior memory for rap lyrics that include the most rhymes best illustrates the value of
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acoustic encoding
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During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day's events. This best illustrates
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automatic processing
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Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates
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convergent thinking
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The most creative scientists are those who
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are intrinsically motivated to solve problems.
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Cognitive psychologists are most directly concerned with the study of
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thinking
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Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________ memory.
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implicit
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At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.
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one word
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A prototype is a
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best example of a particular category.
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The misinformation effect refers to the
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incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event.
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Every morning, Krista pages through a picture book with her 12-month-old daughter. For each picture, Krista points to the picture and identifies it by name, such as "dog." This example best illustrates the use of which of the following in helping her daughter learn language?
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association
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Chomsky's theory of language development suggests that children have an inborn
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language acquisition device.
