World history ch.1 – Flashcards
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A religious group that has broken away from an established church
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Sect
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Who wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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A government run by religious leaders
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Theocracy
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Who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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An artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Who showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit
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Isaac Newton
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Who started a printing revolution
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Johann Gutenberg
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The idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not
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Predestination
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The city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici family
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Florence
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A thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began
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Flanders
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One way the Renaissance artist reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting
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Engraving
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What major theme of the northern Renaissance did Albrecht Dürer's engraving portray
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Modern life
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The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of
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John Calvin
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What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555
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Allowed each prince to decide which religion catholic or Lutheran
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Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because
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They are to young to understand what it means to accept the Christian faith
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Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists
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Focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues
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Sir Thomas More was executed because he
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Refused to accept the king as head of the Church of England
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The purpose of the Council of Trent was to
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Establish the direction of catholic reforms
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Unlike Francis Bacon, René Descartes believed that the best road to understanding was through what
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Human reasoning
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In the 1600s, Robert Boyle's work transformed the field of
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Alchemist/Chemistry
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The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the
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Renaissance
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Who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts preserving the works of Cicero, Homer, and Virgil
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Francesco Petrarch
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The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Which statement best describes the ideal woman according to writer Baldassare Castiglione
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Women were kind, graceful, and lively, and possessed outward beauty
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What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace and harmony
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Thomas More
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The inventor who perfected the microscope and was the first person to see cells and microorganisms was
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that
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Plotted the order of the planets and discovered that they are elliptical
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What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England
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Henry VIII wanted a divorce
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Today's Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry to the
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Anabaptists
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What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation
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It revised and updated the catholic beliefs
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The main goal of the Jesuits was to
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Create schools in Europe, convert Christians to catholic, stop Protestantism
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Many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 people's beliefs in both Christianity and magic led to
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The persecution of people as witches
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Who described architecture as a "social art" meant to combine beauty with utility and improvement of society
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Leon Alberti
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In the scientific method, a hypothesis is
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A logical or possible explanation to a problem to be tested
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How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up here s banner as a means of bringing about social change in Germany
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He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed
