question

1. The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with a. REM rebound. b. sleep apnea. c. narcolepsy. d. unconscious mental activity.

answer

d

question

2. A teenager texting while crossing the street is not likely to notice a car rounding the corner and about to cross her path. This best illustrates the impact of a. postural sway. b. selective attention. c. hypnagogic sensations. d. neuroadaptation.

answer

b

question

3. Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on a. narcolepsy. b. sleep apnea. c. the circadian rhythm. d. dissociation.

answer

c

question

4. Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone a. dopamine. b. ghrelin. c. leptin. d. serotonin.

answer

b

question

5. A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep. a. NREM-1 b. NREM-2 c. NREM-3 d. REM

answer

d

question

6. Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by suppressing the production of a. melatonin. b. dopamine. c. MDMA. d. THC.

answer

a

question

7. Which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity? a. narcolepsy b. insomnia c. night terrors d. sleep apnea

answer

d

question

8. The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams. a. the neural activation b. the information-processing c. Freud's wish-fulfillment d. Hilgard's dissociation

answer

c

question

9. Court systems frequently ban testimony from witnesses who have been hypnotized because the procedure often encourages a. parallel processing. b. hallucinations. c. narcolepsy. d. false memories.

answer

d

question

10. Dissociation has been used as an explanation for a. narcolepsy. b. paradoxical sleep. c. hypnotic pain relief. d. the near-death experience.

answer

c

question

1. A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of a. hypnagogic sensations. b. REM rebound. c. biological rhythms. d. dual processing.

answer

d

question

2. Selective attention is best illustrated by a. hypnagogic sensations. b. neuroadaptation. c. change blindness. d. narcolepsy.

answer

c

question

3. People who claim to have been abducted by space aliens—often shortly after going to bed—commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated ________ into their memories. a. sleep spindles b. narcolepsy c. hypnagogic sensations d. sleep apnea

answer

c

question

4. The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called a. sleep spindles. b. delta waves. c. alpha waves. d. REMs.

answer

b

question

5. Which of the following is a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat? a. leptin b. cortisol c. serotonin d. THC

answer

b

question

6. Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to a. weight gain. b. increased creativity. c. reduced cortisol levels. d. decreased blood pressure.

answer

a

question

7. Those who complain of insomnia typically _______ how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and ________ how long they actually slept. a. underestimate; overestimate b. overestimate; underestimate c. underestimate; underestimate d. overestimate; overestimate

answer

b

question

8. Which sleep disorder is most likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking? a. narcolepsy b. night terrors c. sleep apnea d. insomnia

answer

b

question

9. The neural activation theory provides a physiological explanation for a. dreaming. b. sleep apnea. c. narcolepsy. d. hypnosis.

answer

a

question

10. Among those informed that their bodies are swaying, postural sway is indicative of a. REM rebound. b. circadian rhythm. c. hypnotic ability. d. narcolepsy.

answer

c

question

11. In an experiment, hypnotized subjects are told to scratch their ear if they hear the word psychology mentioned later. The fact that they do so only if they think the experiment is still under way most clearly supports the theory that hypnosis involves a. dissociation. b. neuroadaptation. c. role playing. d. hypnagogic sensations.

answer

c

question

14. Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by a. oxygen deprivation. b. change blindness. c. narcolepsy. d. dissociation.

answer

a

question

1. Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates a. the law of effect. b. spontaneous recovery. c. respondent behavior. d. associative learning.

answer

d

question

2. John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of a. observable behavior. b. cognitive processes. c. genetic predispositions. d. all of these factors.

answer

a

question

3. Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n) a. primary reinforcer. b. unconditional stimulus. c. immediate reinforcer. d. conditioned stimulus.

answer

d

question

4. Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a a. UR. b. US. c. CR. d. CS.

answer

a

question

5. Conditioning seldom occurs when a ________ comes after a(n) _____. a. CS; US b. UR; CS c. secondary reinforcer; operant behavior d. negative reinforcer; operant behavior

answer

a

question

6. Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates a. latent learning. b. spontaneous recovery. c. delayed reinforcement. d. shaping.

answer

b

question

7. A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates a. an unconditioned response. b. operant conditioning. c. latent learning. d. generalization.

answer

d

question

8. The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by a. Pavlov's studies of conditioned salivation. b. Garcia and Koelling's research on taste aversion. c. Skinner's experiments on reinforcement. d. Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning.

answer

c

question

9. In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as a. generalization. b. partial reinforcement. c. spontaneous recovery. d. shaping.

answer

d

question

10. If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer. a. partial b. primary c. conditioned d. delayed

answer

c

question

11. Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 50,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

answer

c

question

13. An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective. a. evolutionary b. behaviorist c. cognitive d. neuroscience

answer

c

question

14. If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates a. operant conditioning. b. observational learning. c. respondent behavior. d. spontaneous recovery.

answer

b

question

15. An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of a. cognitive maps. b. spontaneous recovery. c. mirror neurons. d. extrinsic motivation.

answer

c

question

12. Punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ________ the rate of operant responding. a. increases; decreases b. decreases; increases c. decreases; decreases d. has no effect on; has no effect on

answer

b

question

1. If you have a "frightening experience" immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates a. generalization. b. spontaneous recovery. c. classical conditioning. d. the law of effect.

answer

c

question

3. You repeatedly hear a tone just before having a puff of air directed to your eye. Blinking to the tone presented without an air puff is a a. UR. b. US. c. CR. d. CS.

answer

c

question

4. After being bitten by his neighbor's dog, Miguel experienced fear at the sight of that dog but not at the sight of other dogs. This best illustrates the process of a. extinction. b. discrimination. c. conditioned reinforcement. d. latent learning.

answer

b

question

5. The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. He then experienced fear of a rabbit, a dog, and a sealskin coat, but not to dissimilar objects, such as toys. This is an example of a. generalization. b. acquisition. c. spontaneous recovery. d. discrimination.

answer

d

question

6. If children get attention from their parents for doing cartwheels, they will repeat the trick in anticipation of more attention. This best illustrates a. spontaneous recovery. b. respondent behavior. c. operant conditioning. d. latent learning.

answer

c

question

7. Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of a. respondent behavior. b. negative reinforcement. c. secondary reinforcement. d. spontaneous recovery.

answer

b

question

8. A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________. a. delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer b. operant conditioning; classical conditioning c. partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement d. conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

answer

d

question

9. A pigeon receives food for pecking a key, but only rarely and on unpredictable occasions. This best illustrates a. generalization. b. latent learning. c. partial reinforcement. d. intrinsic motivation.

answer

c

question

10. For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule. a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

answer

d

question

11. During a typical morning, Colin checks the clock frequently before being reinforced with confirmation that the time for his regularly scheduled break has arrived. In this case, Colin's behavior is reinforced on a ________ schedule. a. fixed-interval b. variable interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

answer

a

question

12. Some teachers have reduced the disruptive classroom behavior of students by imposing a time-out following disruptive behavior. In this case, the time-out is a a. conditioned reinforcer. b. negative reinforcer. c. primary reinforcer. d. punishment.

answer

d

question

13. If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of music you heard there. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by a. intrinsic motivation. b. biological predispositions. c. conditioned reinforcers. d. the law of effect.

answer

b

question

14. Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. This provides evidence for the role of ________ in operant behavior. a. spontaneous recovery b. primary reinforcers c. cognitive processes d. negative reinforcers

answer

c

question

15. Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior? a. John B. Watson b. Albert Bandura c. Ivan Pavlov d. B. F. Skinner

answer

b

question

2. Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The electric shock is a(n) a. negative reinforcer. b. conditioned stimulus. c. conditioned reinforcer. d. unconditioned stimulus.

answer

d

question

1. After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her ________ memory. a. procedural b. short-term c. flashbulb d. implicit

answer

b

question

2. Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between a. short-term memory and long-term memory. b. proactive interference and retroactive interference. c. explicit memory and implicit memory. d. recognition and recall.

answer

c

question

3. Another term for implicit memory is ________ memory. a. iconic b. short-term c. nondeclarative d. state-dependent

answer

c

question

4. Mentally rehearsing the glossary definitions of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates a. the peg-word system. b. procedural memory. c. effortful processing. d. echoic memory.

answer

c

question

5. Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of a. the spacing effect. b. the serial position effect. c. a mnemonic technique. d. implicit memory.

answer

c

question

6. The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates a. procedural memory. b. the peg-word system. c. the serial position effect. d. deep processing.

answer

d

question

7. Which of the following is central to the processing of procedural memories? a. hippocampus b. hypothalamus c. basal ganglia d. amygdala

answer

c

question

8. Conscious memories of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the a. basal ganglia. b. amygdala. c. cerebellum. d. hypothalamus.

answer

b

question

9. Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory? a. priming b. semantic encoding c. proactive interference d. long-term potentiation

answer

d

question

10. At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates a. source amnesia. b. the misinformation effect. c. implicit memory. d. the serial position effect.

answer

d

question

11. The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This best illustrates that emotional states can become a. retrieval cues. b. short-term memories. c. sensory memories. d. flashbulb memories.

answer

a

question

12. After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates a. retroactive interference. b. the serial position effect. c. anterograde amnesia. d. iconic memory.

answer

c

question

13. During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates a. the spacing effect. b. proactive interference. c. source amnesia. d. retroactive interference.

answer

b

question

14. Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates a. source amnesia. b. proactive interference. c. shallow processing. d. repression.

answer

d

question

15. After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates a. implicit memory. b. proactive interference. c. the misinformation effect. d. the serial position effect.

answer

c

question

1. A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of a. recall. b. recognition. c. reconstruction. d. relearning.

answer

b

question

2. Researchers now recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory and refer to it as ________ memory. a. sensory b. working c. flashbulb d. implicit

answer

b

question

3. When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of a. flashbulb memory. b. automatic processing. c. iconic memory. d. the spacing effect.

answer

b

question

4. Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory? a. a mental image of one's best friend b. the date of one's own birth c. a conditioned fear of guns d. one's own name

answer

a

question

5. When you have to make a long-distance call, dialing an unfamiliar area code plus a seven-digit number, you are likely to have trouble retaining the just-looked-up number. This best illustrates the limited capacity of ________ memory. a. long-term b. implicit c. short-term d. explicit

answer

c

question

6. Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of a. the spacing effect. b. iconic memory. c. the serial position effect. d. chunking.

answer

d

question

7. Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on this quiz? a. How well does the word describe you? b. Does the word consist of 10 letters? c. Is the word written in capital letters? d. Does the word rhyme with obsessed?

answer

a

question

8. Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can't recall having seen the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the a. hippocampus. b. cerebellum. c. basal ganglia. d. amygdala.

answer

a

question

9. Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they first learned of the death of a close friend or family member. This best illustrates ________ memory. a. iconic b. flashbulb c. implicit d. state-dependent

answer

b

question

10. Activating memories of your childhood by forming vivid mental images of various locations in your childhood home best illustrates a. automatic processing. b. the spacing effect. c. the serial position effect. d. priming.

answer

d

question

11. Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience best illustrates a. repression. b. mood-congruent memory. c. retroactive interference. d. the misinformation effect.

answer

b

question

12. The gradual fading of the physical memory trace contributes to a. chunking. b. storage decay. c. anterograde amnesia. d. long-term potentiation.

answer

b

question

13. While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the current president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates a. implicit memory. b. the serial position effect. c. the misinformation effect. d. retrieval failure.

answer

d

question

14. Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates a. the misinformation effect. b. motivated forgetting. c. the self-reference effect. d. the serial position effect.

answer

b

question

15. Several months after watching a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates a. implicit memory. b. the spacing effect. c. source amnesia. d. mood-congruent memory.

answer

c

Psychology Test 2 Quizzes – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards