Unit 3 Study Guide: Ancient Greece and Rome World History – Flashcards
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Alexander the Great
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Great military leader, conquered Persian empire
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Constantine
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Roman Emperor who united empire and accepted Christianity
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Julius Caesar
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Roman General who conquered Gaul and named himself dictator. Responsible for First Triumvirate. Increased senate to 900 members and reduced their power.
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Socrates
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Taught that education was key to personal growth. Trained students to think for themselves. Taught through questioning. Criticized democracy because unskilled people shouldn't hold positions of power.
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Pericles
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Leader of Greece during the Golden Era*
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Mycenaeans
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Clans and Warriors, Tribes and chief fort-like cities -adapted Minoan's Linear B. Civilization on the Greek mainland that conquered Minoans
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Scipio
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Roman general. Battle of Zama, near Carthage, Scipio and Romans defeated Hannibal's army in 2nd Punic War
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Hannibal
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In 2nd Punic War. Great Carthaginian general - brought elephants along to cross the Alps in 2nd Punic War
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Diocletian
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General in Roman army, made emperor in 284 A.D. Realized empire had grown too large for one person to manage, Therefore split it into West and East. He ruled the East while his co-emperor ruled the West.
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Goths
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German invaders that sacked Rome
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What were the goals of Philip of Macedon?
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Unite Greek city-states, Spread Greek culture, defeat Persia
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Polis
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Greek word for city-state -a fort, its city and its hinterlands
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Acropolis
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A high hill center of original city-state
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Plebian
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made up most of population. -mainly farmers and workers -Had little rights -Did not know the laws therefore Rome wrote its laws on tablets and called it the Twelve Tables Common citizen of Rome
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Direct Democracy
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all citizens participate directly in making decisions
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Republic
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form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
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What was the most powerful part of the Roman republic?
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Senate. Controlled public funds and decided foreign policy. Sometimes acted as court.
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What language did Romans speak?
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Latin
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Linear B
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Early form of writing Mycenaean contributed to Greek development
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Delian League
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an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader, organized to combat the threat of the Persian Empire
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Parthenon
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white marble temple built in honor of Athena
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Twelve tables
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Roman code of laws that established that certain basic legal principles should apply to all humans
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Monarchy
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Rule by hereditary royalty
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Oligarchy
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small groups of people having control of a country
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Tyrant
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someone who uses absolute power brutally
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Democracy
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government in which citizens take part, Rule by the people
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Aristocracy
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government ruled by an Intellectual upper class
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Rhetoric
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study of oratory, or public speaking and debating
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Hubris
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the sin of pride -offended the gods and doomed the hero to a tragic end
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Aqueducts
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bridge like structures carried water from the moutains
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Ethics
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deals with whats good and bad, moral duty
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Martyr
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put to death for their beliefs
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Persian Wars
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500-479 B.C Greek city-states united to defeat the Persian empire
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Peloponnesian War
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431 B.C Between Athens and Sparta. Rivals for years. Quarreled over trade. Sparta gained help from Persia to cut Athen's food supply. Athens surrendered. After war, Greece was politically unstable. A civil war between Sparta and Athens
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Pax Romana
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Roman Peace, During Augustus' reign
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Punic Wars
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264-146 B.C (3 wars) Rome and Carthage fought over control of Mediterranean
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Hellenistic Age
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336 BCE-146 BCE Spread of Greek culture "Greek like" way of life Time period in which Greek-like culture was spread throughout the Mediterranean, Persian Empire, and Asia
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In which of the Punic Wars did Scipio defeat Hannibal
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The second Punic War
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`Where did the world's first democracy develop?
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Athens
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What city was the center of Hellenistic culture?
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Alexandria, Egypt
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What geographic feature can be used to describe both Greece and Rome?
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Peninsula
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Sparta
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Located in a valley. Not a hill. Pelopohnesus was isolated and mountainous. Developing Sparta into a rigid and militarized society. oligarchy
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Athens
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Located on the Attic peninsula. Least fertile areas in Greece. Thus Athenians turned to the sea and many became sea traders.
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What factors contributed to the downfall of the Roman Empire?
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Diocletian dividing the empire in two. Goths constantly invading. Civil wars. Growing divisions between rich and poor. Corruption and unstable leadership.
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What was the outcome of the Persian Wars? How did that occur?
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The Athenians won with the help of Sparta It occurred when the Greek navy sank most of the Persian navy in the Salamis Strait
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Why did other members of the Delian League revolt against Pericles?
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He moved the treasury from Delos to Athens. He used the money for the good of Athens
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Who won the Peloponnesian War?
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The Spartans because they had help from Persia to cut Athens' food supply.
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How did Hannibal's army cross the alps?
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With the help of Elephants
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Why did Diocletian divided the Roman empire?
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In hopes of administering the large territory more effectively
