Leadership (exam 2) Answers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Leadership defined
answer
That part of management that involves interpersonal relationships The ability of an individual to work with people to achieve a shared organizational vision, as opposed to the management of tasks.
question
A good leader
answer
has vision sets goals has commitment is flexible understands change demonstrates respect and concern for others takes risks knows how to relate to individuals
question
what is management?
answer
accomplishing productive work through others the process of getting activities done effectively/efficiently w/ and through others
question
management is...
answer
All actions focused on accomplishing the tasks in an organization Managing resources, materials, facilities, processes, money, and equipment
question
5 M's of management
answer
Money Minutes Materials Man-power Machines
question
leadership vs. management
answer
Management is usually viewed as getting things done through other people in order to achieve stated organizational objectives. Leadership emphasis is on interpersonal skills in a broader context.
question
leadership vs. management
answer
Management organizes and staffs people to achieve goals Leadership focuses on aligning people toward goals and involves communicating and empowering to help achieve goals
question
leadership vs. management
answer
Management controls people by pushing them in the right direction Leadership motivates them by satisfying higher level human needs
question
leadership vs. management
answer
Leadership does not necessarily take place within the hierarchical structures of the organization. Leadership can be seen primarily as an inspirational
question
leadership vs. management
answer
Management is about coping with complexities Leaderships is about coping with change
question
Management: bottom line
answer
Management is a bottom line focus: How can I best accomplish certain things Efficiency in climbing the ladder of success Efficient (doing things right)
question
Leadership: top line
answer
Leadership deals with the top line: What are the goals I want to accomplish Determines if the ladder is leaning against the right wall Must decide what the "right things" are first Effective (doing the right things)
question
two types of leaders
answer
formal informal
question
formal leader
answer
usually manager recognized by organization sets directions for subordinates
question
informal leader
answer
doesn't act as manager exhibits characteristics of leader not recognized by organization significant influence w/ colleaugues
question
Essential Characteristics of Effective Leaders
answer
Intelligence Drive Motivation Integrity Self-confidence Expertise
question
Leadership characteristic-Intelligence
answer
The ability to acquire and retain knowledge and to respond quickly and successfully to a new situation. Common sense knowledge, not IQ scores
question
Leadership characteristic- Drive
answer
leaders are achievers leaders are ambitious high energy level
question
Leadership characteristic-Motivation
answer
leaders want to be leaders leaders motivate toward a vision
question
Leadership characteristic-Integrity
answer
trust is earned exhibit: credibility, reliability, fairness, honesty, openness
question
Leadership characteristic-Self-confidence
answer
to make decisions to take risks to admit mistakes
question
Leadership characteristic-Expertise
answer
area specific level specific
question
Non-essential Leadership Characteristics
answer
charisma (ability to attract followers)
question
Non-essential Leadership Characteristics
answer
creativity
question
Non-essential Leadership Characteristics
answer
flexible
question
Leadership Styles
answer
Learned behavior Personality Predominate style Variety of styles The most effective leaders can switch between styles
question
6 Basic Leadership Styles
answer
Autocratic Bureaucratic Participative - Democratic - Consensus Laissez faire
question
autocratic leaders
answer
From early, classical management theory Directive Command and control Authoritarian Dictatorial
question
autocratic leadership
answer
Decisions made without input Orders given without explanation Orders expected to be obeyed Structured set of rewards and punishments Little or no delegation of authority
question
autocratic works for...
answer
Unskilled or new employees Immigrants from autocratic countries Employees lacking English language skills Difficult employees who do not respond to other types of leadership styles Temporary employees
question
autocratic work in/with...
answer
Crisis situations Military Physicians On a cooking line or tray line Large volume businesses, catering
question
autocratic
answer
Disadvantages: Verbal abuse Low morale Disgruntled workers Work stoppage / sabotage Lack breadth of input Advantage: saves time
question
Bureaucratic leadership style
answer
"By the book" Leader relies on rules, policies, regulations, SOP when making decisions Supervisors become "police officers"
question
bureaucratic leaders work best in...
answer
areas with safety concern inexperienced employees routine/repetitive procedures unionized work situations
question
Bureaucratic leadership style
answer
Disadvantages: Limited opportunity to try new ideas Limited employee input Advantages: safety concern regimented procedure/research
question
Participative leadership style
answer
manager sets agenda and makes decisions opinions are sought from the group
question
Participative leadership style characterized by
answer
Employees' perspective is needed Promotes group cohesiveness Gathering ideas leads to better decisions A lot of delegation to employees
question
Participative leadership works for these types of employees
answer
Employees with high skill levels and/or extensive experience Employee who will need to make significant changes in work assignments Employees who want to voice complaints Employee group with common problems
question
Participative leadership works in these situations
answer
TQM - total quality management Employee meetings Resolving employee conflict
question
Top Quality Management (TQM)
answer
Change of processes, not people Focus on the customer Empowerment of employees Team approach to accomplish change Sequential steps to control processes Long-term organizational commitment
question
Participative leadership style
answer
Disadvantages: Workers offended if only a token effort Time constraints Loss of efficiency Confidentiality issues Advantages: Gathers a wide range or variety of ideas-increases input
question
Democratic Leadership style
answer
leader becomes coach
question
Democratic leadership style is characterized by
answer
Shared decision making Leader consults with the group Employees are always informed Used for decisions Policies and procedures Hiring new staff Development of marketing and strategic plans
question
Democratic leadership style works for these kinds of employees
answer
Highly skilled and/or experienced Time is sufficient When operational changes are required Group problem solving
question
Democratic leadership style works in these situations
answer
TQM - total quality management Employee meetings Resolving employee conflict
question
Democratic leadership style
answer
Disadvantages: Mistakes Time delays to provide for everyone's input Some employees may need autocratic management Advantages: Majority rules
question
Consensus leadership style
answer
Transforms employees from merely doing their work to contributing input and taking ownership of their work
question
Consensus leadership is characterized by
answer
Decisions made by the group All members work together until agreement is reached
question
Consensus leadership works for these employees
answer
Supervisors with common interests in work areas of the overall facility
question
Consensus leadership works in these situations
answer
Any decision or plan that requires complete consensus for the decision or plan to work
question
Consensus leadership style
answer
Disadvantages: Most time consuming May appear the manager cannot make a decision Advantages: Staff feel they are an integral and valued part of the team Increase group cohesiveness and team work
question
Laissez-faire leadership style
answer
hands off approach free rein
question
Laissez-faire leadership is characterized by
answer
Limited applications When a specialist/consultant is involved When manager cannot make a decision Sales Extensive levels of freedom Manager delegates by default
question
Laissez-faire leadership works for these employees
answer
Highly motivated Highly skilled
question
Laissez-faire leadership style
answer
Disadvantages: Avoids confrontations Cannot tell who is manager/leader Employee never knows where they stand Advantages: Allows employee creativity
question
Factors influencing leadership
answer
Leadership is a function of the leader, the followers, and the situation.
question
Factors that influence leadership style
answer
Dependent on Organizational climate/culture Work groups Type of work to be done Philosophy
question
Transformational Leadership
answer
Transforms staff from individuals to team players Workers feel comfortable, willing and able to contribute to management process Consensus, democratic, participative
question
Transforming Leadership
answer
Goes one step further Prepares subordinate to take over management functions and become successor "succession planning" Democratic and consensus
question
Types of Power
answer
Expert Referent Legitimate Comes from title/position Reward Coercive
question
Expert Power
answer
power of: knowledge, experience, info
question
Referent Power
answer
Comes from the relationship between the leader and follower Based on creating and sharing a vision Leader viewed as a role model
question
Legitimate Power
answer
Differentiates formal and informal leader Comes from the position
question
Reward Power
answer
Ability to reward employees in terms of material goods or praise Manager has to know the people who work for them to know what each individual would value
question
Coercive Power
answer
Power to punish Disciplining Suspending Terminating
