Beverage Management – Flashcards
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Lager
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Bottom fermented 37-49 F. Stored (lagered) to mellow for several weeks or months
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Ale
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- Top fermented 50-70 F. Aged for only a few days First type of beer Britain: Brewing done by female of house
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Lager Taste Profile
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Lagers are smoother and thought to be more elegant. Over 80% of market.
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Ale Taste Profile
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Ales are more hearty, full bodied and robust
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Bocks and Double Bock Taste Profile
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Bocks and double bocks are dark and malty beers that are more ale like.
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Wheat Beer Taste Profile
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Wheat beers are light in color and dry.
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Barley Malt
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Gives beer flavor, head, body and color
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Water
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The main ingredient of beer
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Hops
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gives beer the bitter flavor
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Yeast
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Ferments the beer
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Types of Malt Used
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Most brewers use dried or roasted malt. Cheap beers use malt extract.
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Roasting
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Roasting affects dryness and sweetness of beer as well as color
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Adjuncts
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Give beer lighter color and flavor Premium beers use more barley malt. In Germany adjuncts are prohibited Bavarian Purity Order 1516- barley, water, yeast, hops
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Additives
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may be used to stabilize beer foam, prevent cloudiness, and increase shelf life
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Mashing Malt and Hot Water
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Converts starches to sugars Cooked 1-6 hours at 169 F Remaining liquid called wort goes to brew kettle
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Brewing
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Boil wort with hops for 1 to 2.5 hours Cool wort to 50-70 F for ale, 37-49 F for lager
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Fermenting
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1 week Less for ales more for lagers CO2 may be collected and stored
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Lagering
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Makes beer more mellow Near freezing temps. For weeks or months Stainless steel or glass lined tanks
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krausening
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Some beers are given additional fermenting wort If not krausened add CO2
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Filtered, kegged, bottled, or canned
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Canned & bottled beers pasteurized Bruised beer- warmed and cooled Unpasterized beer must be refrigerated
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Pilsner
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Most popular (Bud, Miller, Coors) Original Pilsner- Pilsner Urquell
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Malt Liquor
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higher alcohol content
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Bock
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strong, heavy, dark lager. 4 types of bock
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Traditional Bock
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Sweet relatively strong (6.3-7.2%), lightly hopped. Light copper to brown. Good off white head Aroma is malty and toasty. No detectable hops or fruitiness Taste is rich and toasty with a bit of caramel
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Maibock/Helles Bock
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Lighter in color with more hop presence Flavor is lest malty than traditional bock drier/hoppier
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Doppelbock
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stronger version of traditional bock (7-12%) Liquid bread- high in alcohol and sweet Dark gold to dark brown Aroma is intensely malty with toasty notes Brewers add "-ator" to beer's name
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Eisbock
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removing ice from partially frozen barrels of beer. Partial freezing concentrates flavor and alcohol content Deep copper to dark brown Smooth with significant alcohol but not hot or sharp Rich, sweet flavor with hints of chocolate
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Steam Beer
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higher fermenting temps due to shortage of ice
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Dry Beer
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Less Sweet
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Ice Beer
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Name originated in Canada Beer is pumped through tank of ice crystals before filtration. Freezing allowed removal of compounds creating a smoother beer
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General Characteristics of Ales
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fruity flavor, more body and hops flavors.
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Cream Ale
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hop and malt flavor subdued Light and refreshing- straw to pale golden color Undergo extended period of lagering after primary fermentation leading to a cleaner flavor Adjuncts used- corn and rice to lighten body and flavor
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Pale Ale
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copper colored and strong flavored Yeastier and more hoppy than cream ale Used pale malt. Color is translucent rather than light. Term started in 1703. Beers made from malts dried with coke resulting in lighter color.
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Amber Ale
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Type of Pale Ale brewed with crystal malt to produce amber color
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American Pale Ale (APA)
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Type of Pale Ale Uses significant amount of American hops, typically Cascade. Sierra Nevada Pale Ale.
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Biere de Garde
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"Keeping beer" brewed in Pas-de-Calais region of France
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Burton Pale Ale
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Type of Pale Ale. Burton upon Trent brewers made this. Bass Ale. Water influenced by Gypsum.
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English Bitter
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Type of Pale Ale Customers used the term to differentiate these pale ales from other less noticeable hopped beers
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Irish Red Ale
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Type of Pale Ale Smithwick's. Can be used to describe a red beer such as Killian's which is a lager.
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American Strong Ale
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Type of Pale Ale. 7% or higher alcohol May be double India Pale Ale
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Strong Ale
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Type of Pale Ale - Brewed in England 5% or higher
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Scotch Ale
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Type of Pale Ale Originated in Edinburgh. McEwan's Scotch Ale 8%.
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Indian Pale Ale (IPA)
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Hearty and hoppy. Super premium British ale. American IPA and Belgian Style IPA- origin of hops Double IPA- strong and very hoppy
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Bitter Ale
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Copper colored high in flavor and low in alcohol
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Porter
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dark colored style of beer named after street and river porters of London. Brewed with dark malts
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Stout
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strongest porters 7-8%
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Dry or Irish Stout
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toast or coffee like taste (Guinness)
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Imperial Stout
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Style brewed in 18th century by Thrale's brewery in London. 9-10%
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Milk Stout
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contains lactose. Adds sweetness, body, and calories to the beer.
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Oatmeal Stout
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- up to 30% oats. Too many oats make bitter beer
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Chocolate Stout
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dark chocolate flavor through use of darker, more aromatic malt. Sometimes have chocolate added to them.
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Coffee Stout
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Use black patent malt and sometimes coffee.
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Oyster Stout
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Made with a handful of oysters
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Wheat Beer (White Beer)
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60% wheat in malt Fruity tartness and are often laced with fruit such as cherries or raspberries Main varieties: weissbier, witbier, and lambic
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Weissbier, short weisse
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Used in southern German state of Bavaria. Weisse is German for white
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Weizenbier, short weizen
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German for wheat
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Hefeweissbier or hefeweizen
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"Hefe" means yeast. Beer is unfiltered and might have sediment.
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Kristallweissbier or kristalweizein
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filtered weissbier
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Dunkels weissbier or dunkles weizen
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Dark Wheat Beer
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Weizenbock
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Wheat beer made bock style
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Non Alcoholic Beer
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Less than 0.5% alcohol Sometimes called near beer Sharps, O'Douls, Kaliber ½ calories of regular beer
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Food with Amber Ale
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vinaigrettes
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Food with Fruity Ales
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Spicy dishes
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Food with Porters, brown ales
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- beef, game, other meats
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Food with Lagers
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Seafood
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Food with Stouts
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- nutty, chocolaty desserts
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Shelf Life of Beer
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Canned and bottled 3-4 months Rotate
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Storage of beer
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40-70 F Unpasteurized beer 36-38 F all times Keep out of sun Store beer upright Untapped draft beer 30-45 days
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Congeners
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volatile substances that provide flavor, body, and aroma
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Distillation proof
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Higher the proof, lower the flavor. Low distillation proof high flavor
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Neutral spirits
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-distilled at 190 or above. -If bottled, must be 80 proof or above -Used to make vodka and gin -Made in column stills. Pot stills cannot achieve as high a proof
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Grains in Whiskey
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Barley
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Aging Whiskies
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Store in oak barrels for minimum of two years
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Straight Whiskies
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Contains 51% or more of a single grain
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Scotch
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Made in Scotland Blends of Malt whiskies and high proof grain whiskies
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Malt Whiskey
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made in pot stills mainly from barely dried over peat fires
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Grain Whiskey
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made from corn
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Popular Brands of Scotch
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J&B Johnny Walker Dewars Chivas Regal Cutty Sark
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Scotch Geographics - Lowlands
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lightest both in flavor and color
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Scotch Geographics- Islay
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Heaviest most full bodied whiskies
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Scotch Geographics-Campbeltown
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Full bodied, only a few distilleries left in this region
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Scotch Geographics- Highlands
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Most numerous, most balanced, medium in flavor and aroma
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Irish Whiskey
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Similar to scotch but: -Malted barley not exposed to peat smoke -Made from several grains plus malted barley -Goes through triple distillation
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Aging of Irish Whiskey
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7-8 years
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Bourbon
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Best known straight American Whiskey
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Grain in Bourbon
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51% corn
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Aging of Bourbon
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Aged at least 2 years in charred new oak containers
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Examples of Bourbon
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Jim Beam, Old Grand Dad, Early times, Old Forester, Old Crow, Wild Turkey, Makers Mark
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Jack Daniels
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Tennessee whiskey Filtered through maple charcoal
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Rye Whiskey
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51% rye aged in charred new containers for at least 2 years
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Blended Whiskey
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Combination of straight whiskey or whiskies with neutral spirits. Must contain 20% straight whiskey.
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Canadian Whiskey
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Blended whiskies light in body and mellow in flavor
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Aging of Canadian Whiskey
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Most aged 6 or more years
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Examples of Canadian Whiskey
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Canadian Club, Crown Royal, Seagrams VO
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Vodka
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Earliest were Russian and Polish Drink it chilled and straight Mixes great with juice and infuses well Less taste it has the better the grade Deceptively light drinks 80-100 proof
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Brands of Vodka
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Smirnoff, Absolut, Stolichnaya, Grey Goose Icy, Kettle One
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Gin
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Vodka flavored with juniper berries Some labeled very dry or extra dry Made from neutral grain spirits 180-188 proof, reduced to 120 proof and redistilled with juniper berries.
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Dutch Gin
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original distillation
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English Gin
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Made in any of the other ways than original distillation
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American Gin
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made by distilling and compounding
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Compounding
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mixing high proof spirits with juniper berry extract
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Aging of Gin
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No aging but golden gin is aged briefly
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Sloe Gin
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A liquor
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Brands of Gin
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Seagram's, Gordon's, Gilbey's, Tanqueray, Beefeater, Bombay
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Rum
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Fermented juice of sugarcane or other sugarcane by-products Most popular is Puerto Rico rum
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Puerto Rico White or Silver Rum
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Aged at least 1 year
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Puerto Rico Amber and Gold Rum
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Aged at least 3 years and colored with caramel
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Puerto Rico Red label and heavy dark rum
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aged for 6 years or more
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Jamaican Rum
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Full bodied and pungent with dark mahogany color from caramel
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Tequila
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Fermented mash of blue agave plant
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White Tequila
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shipped unaged
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Silver Tequila
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aged up to 3 years
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Gold Tequila
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aged in oak for 2-4 years
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Mescal
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a relative to tequila
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Brands of Tequila
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Jose Cuervo, Sauza, Montezuma
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Aquavit
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Scandinavian version of aqua vitae 86-90 proof and flavored with caraway
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Brandies
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French version of aqua vitae Distilled product of grapes
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American Brandies
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Made in column stills up to 170 proof, aged in white oak barrels at least 2 years
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Brands of American Brandies
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Christian Bros., E&J, Paul Masson
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Cognac
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French brandy made in Cognac with certain white grapes and aged in special oak casks
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Grande Chapagne or Fine Champagne
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means field
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Grande
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made from grapes in the heart of cognac
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Fine
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50% or more of grapes come from heart of cognac and rest from next door area
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Brands of Cognac Brandies
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Remy-Martin, Courvoisier, Hennessy
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Armagnac
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Brandy from white grapes from Gascony
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Calvados
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Apple brandy made in Normandy
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Grappa
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Brandy. Made from what is left after grapes have been pressed to make wine. Aged several years
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Kirsch or kirschwasser
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Fruit brandy. Wild back cherry grows in Rhine Valley
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Slivovitz
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Plum brandy
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Pear William
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Swiss pear brandy
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Fruit Brandies
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served straight as a traditional after dinner drink in brandy snifter
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White brandies
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served cold
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Liqueur and Cordials
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-Distilled spirit steeped or redistilled with fruits, flowers, plants, or juices or extracts sweetened with 2.5% or more sugar. -All start with a spirit -Sugar varied from 2.5% to 35% by weight
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Generic Liqueur and Coridals
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all basic flavors
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Proprietary
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Trade secrets: Cointreau, Grand Marnier, Drambuie, Chartreuse, Benedictine
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Schnapps
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usually fruit flavored
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Bitters
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Spirits flavored with herb, roots, bark, fruits, but are unsweetened
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Angostura
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flavor bitter
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Campari
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48 proof red Italian spirit bitter
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Structure of Mixed Drinks
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Most drinks contain 1.5 oz of a spirit Minor ingredient 0.5 oz or less Garnish
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1/4 oz Pour Count
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One thousand
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1/2 oz Pour Count
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One thousand one
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1 oz Pour Count
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One thousand one, one thousand two
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Rocks Glass
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R - - - - - - - -
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Highball
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H - - - - - - - -
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Tall
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T (collins glass) - - - - - -- - - - - -
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Red Wine
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- - - - - - -
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White Wine
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- - - - - - - -...
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Champagne
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- - - - - - - - -...
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Champagne Saucer
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- - - - - - - - - - ...
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Cordial footed
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- - - - - - - - - - -...
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Cordial Stemmed
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... - - - - - - - - -
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Cordial tumbler
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- - - - - - - - - -...
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Hurricane
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- - - - - - - - - - - ...
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Margarita
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- - - - - - - - - - ...
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Martini
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- - - - - - - - - - -...
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Sherry
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- - - - - - - - - - ...
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Pilsner (tumbler)
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- - - - - - - - - ...
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Pint Glass
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- - - - - - - - - - ...
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Pilsner (footed)
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- - - - - - - - - -...
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Rocks Footed
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- - - - - - - - - - ...
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Brandy Snifter
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...- - - - - - - - - - -
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Coffee Royale
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Simple syrup Brandy Coffee Whipped Cream Cherry
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Irish Coffee
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Simple syrup Irish Whiskey Fill with coffee Whipped Cream Green Creme de Menthe
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Hot Buttered Rum
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Dark Rum Butter Spices Hot Water
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Brandy Alexander
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Dark Creme de Cacao Brandy Cream Nutmeg
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Golden Cadillac
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Light Creme de Cacao Galliano Cream Nutmeg
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Grasshopper
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Light Creme de Cacao Creme de Menthe Cream Nutmeg
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Pink Squirrel
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Light Creme de Cacao Creme de Almond Cream Nutmeg
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Daiquiri
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Rum Squeeze of lime or flavor Sour mix
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Tom Collins
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Gin Collins Mix
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Singapore Sling
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Gin Dash of Grenadine top with cherry brandy
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White Russian
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Vodka Kahlua Cream
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Black Russian
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Vodka Kahlua
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Gimlet
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Gin/vodka Roses lime juice Garnish with lime/lemon (vodka)
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Rusty Nail
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Scotch Drambuie
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Bloody Mary
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Vodka Bloody Mary mix Lemon/Lime
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Martini
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Gin/Vodka Dry Vermouth Oliva/Lemon Twist/Onion
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Manhattan
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Whiskey/Bourbon/Brandy Sweet Vermouth Cherry
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Perfect Manhattan
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Whiskey/Bourbon/Brandy equal parts dry and sweet vermouth
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Perfect Martini
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Gin/Vodka Equal Parts dry and sweet vermouth
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Rob Roy
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Scotch Sweet vermouth
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Perfect Rob Roy
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Scotch Equal parts dry and sweet vermouth
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Margarita
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Tequila Collins Mix Triple Sec
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Screwdriver
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Vodka Orange Juice
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Harvey Wallbanger
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Vodka Orange juice Top with Galliano
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Fuzzy Navel
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Peach Schnapps Orange Juice
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7&7
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Seagrams 7 crown Fill with 7 up
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Smith and Kerns
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Dark Creme de Cacao 3/4 with cream rest soda
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Kahlua & Cream
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Kahlua Cream
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Old Fashion
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Bourbon/Whiskey/Brandy Cube of sugar 5 dashes bitters Orange and Cherry
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Stinger
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Brandy Light Creme de Menthe
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Bacardi Cocktail
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Daiquiri plus a splash of grenadine
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Salty Dog
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Gin Grapefruit Juice
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Cafe Mocha
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Chocolate flavor espresso steamed milk
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Espresso
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Dark roasted beans finely ground
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Cappuccino
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Espresso Foamy steamed milk
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Cafe Latte
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Espresso steamed milk
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Cafe au Lait
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Equal Parts Coffee and hot milk
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Robusto Tree
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Produces harsh, highly caffeinated coffees
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Arabica
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produces 75% worlds coffee. Mellower and lower caffeine than Robusto
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Black tea
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Fermented and is a full bodied tea
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Blends of Black Tea
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Ceylon Dayeeling Earl Grey English Breakfast
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Green Tea
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Unfermented. Lighter flavor
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Oolong tea
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Partially fermented: between black and green.
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White tea
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lightly oxidized. Delicate buds and younger leaves Name comes from silvery white hairs on the unopened buds of the plant
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Break Even Analysis Formula
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Fixed Costs / 1-variable cost %
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Pricing Formula
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Cost/goal= price
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Usage Formula
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(Beg. Inv.+ Purch) - End. Inv= Usage
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Cost Percentage Formula
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Usage/Cost= Cost %
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Double Rocks Glass
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2R - - - - - - - - -
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Difference between American and Canadian Whiskies
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American is made from corn and canadian is made from a blend of grains and cannot have more than
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Grain in Scotch
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Barley
