APUSH Unit 7 Vocab 1 – Flashcards
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men
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Corporations
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businesses owned by many investors who buy shares of stock
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Mesabi Range
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A mine in a section of low hills in Minnesota founded by Rockefeller in 1887 that supported the steel industry during the Industrial Revolution; it continues to be the largest source of iron ore in the US
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Bessemer Process
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Discovered by Henry Bessemer in 1851 way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
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Time Zones
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Charles Dowd proposed this idea in 1883 in order to keep railroads on schedule and avoid wrecks
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George Westinghouse
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an American entrepreneur and engineer who invented the railway air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industry; rival of Thomas Edison.
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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an American entrepreneur, he built his wealth in shipping and railroads and was the patriarch of one of the richest families in American history.
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refrigerated railroad cars
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invented by Gustavus Swift, this invention allowed fresh meat to be shipped great distances without the threat of rot; turned America into a carnivorous continent and greatly enabled the meat industry; arguably one of the most important inventions in American history
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Gustavus F. Swift
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invented the refrigerated railroad car
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Andrew Carnegie
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a Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
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U.S. Steel
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originally the Carnegie Steel Company, Carnegie sold the enterprise to JP Morgan in 1901; it has since become one of the largest steel producers in the world
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Gospel of Wealth
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the belief that those entrusted with societys riches had to prove themselves morally responsible
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John D. Rockefeller
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Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
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Standard Oil
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the first great monopoly in America created by John D. Rockefeller
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J. P. Morgan
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Most Powerful banker of the late 1800s, head of US Steel Company first person to have 1 billion dollars, bailed out US government
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"New South"
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Term that identified southern promoters' belief in the technologically advanced industrial South
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James B. Duke
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Made tobacco a profitable crop in the modern South, he was a wealthy tobacco industrialist.
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Mass Production
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the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)
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Frederick W. Taylor
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an engineer that made the book The Principles of Scientific Management, an expert on scientific management
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Scientific Management
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a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it
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Knights of Labor
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1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed
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Terence Powderly
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led the Knights of Labor, a skilled and unskilled union, wanted equal pay for equal work, an 8hr work day and to end child labor
