Management Information Systems Test #2 – Flashcards
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search engine
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a computer program that searches for specific information by key words and reports the results
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metasearch engine
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search several search engines at once and integrate the findings of the various engines to answer queries posted by users
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portal
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a web-based, personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the Internet using advanced search and indexing techniques
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commercial (public) portals
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the most popular; a website that offers fairly routine content or diverse audiences; offers customization only at the user interface
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affinity portals
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a website that offers a single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interests
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corporate portal
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(enterprise, information, or enterprise information portals) a web site that provides a single point of access to critical business information located inside and outside of an organization
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industrywide portals
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a web-based gateway to information and knowledge for an entire industry
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mobile portals
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accessible from mobile devices
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communication
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e-mail, web-based cell centers, electronic chatrooms, voice communication, unified communication
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internet telephony
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(voice-over internet protocol, VoIP) the use of the internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls
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unified communication (UC)
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hardware and software platform that simplifies and integrates all forms of communications- voice, e-mail, IM, location, and videoconfrencing- across an organization
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collaboration
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mutual efforts by two or more individuals who perform activities in order to accomplish certain tasks
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work group
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two or more individuals who act together to perform some task, on either a permanent or temporary basis
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virtual group (team)
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a work group whose members are in different locations and who meet electronically
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virtual collaboration (e-collaboration)
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the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative information systems and electronic commerce applications
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web 2.0
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a loose collection of information technologies and applications and the web sites that use them; the web sites enrich the user experience by encouraging user participation, social interaction, and collaboration
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AJAX
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a web development technique that allows portions of web pages to reload with fresh data instead of requiring the entire web page to reload
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tag
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a key word or term, chosen by users, that describes a piece of information
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weblog (blog)
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a personal web site, open to the public, in which the site creator expresses his feelings or opinions
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bloggers
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people who create and maintain blogs
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blogosphere
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the term for the millions of blogs on the web
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wikis
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a website on which anyone can post material and make changes quickly without using difficult commands
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really simple syndication (RSS)
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allows anyone to syndicate (publish) her blog, or any other content, to anyone who has an interest in subscribing
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podcast
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a digital audiofile that is distributed over the web using RSS for playback on portable media
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videocast
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a digital videofile that is distributed over the web using RSS for playback
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social networking
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web-sites that allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and videos
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aggregators
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web sites that provide collections of content from the web
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mashups
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a website that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content
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web-services
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self-contained business/consumer modular applications delivered over the internet
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Service-Oriented architecture of Web Services
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web service standards (XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) and widgets
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e-learning
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learning supported by the web; can be done inside traditional classrooms or in virtual classrooms
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distance learning (DL)
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learning situations in which teachers and students do not meet face-to-face
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Benefits of E-Learning
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high quality and consistant content flexibility
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Drawbacks of E-Learning
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must be computer literate miss face-to-face instruction assessing work
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virtual universities
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online universities from which students take classes from home or an off-site location via internet
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telecommuting
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a work arrangement whereby employees work at home, at the customer's premises, in special work places, or while travelling, usually using a computer linked to their place of employment
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advantages of telecommuting
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reduced stress improved family life increased productivity ability to retain skilled employees ability to attract employees outside of commuting distance
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disadvantages of telecommuting
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increased feeling of isolation possible loss of fringe benefits lower pay no work place visibility slower promotions lack of socialization training costs data security problems
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electronic commerce
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the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks, including the internet
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e-business
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a broader definition of electronic commerce including buying and selling of goods and services, and servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, conducting e-learning, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization
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degree of digitization
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the extent to which the commerce has been transformed from physical to digital
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bricks-and-mortar organizations
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organizations in which the product, the process, and the delivery agent are all physical
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virtual organizations
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organizations in which the product the process, and the delivery agent are all digital; also called pure-play
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clicks and mortar organizations
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organizations that do business in both the physical and digital dimensions
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business to consumer (B2C)
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e-commerce in which both the sellers and the buyers are individuals; e-tailing
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business to business (B2B)
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e-commerce in which both the buyers and sellers are business organizations
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consumer to consumer (C2C)
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e-commerce in which both the buyer and the seller are individuals (not a business)
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business to employee (B2E)
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an organization using e-commerce internally to provide information and services to its employees
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e-government
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the use of e-commerce to deliver information and public services to citizens, business partners, and suppliers of government entities, and those working in the public sector
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mobile commerce (m-commerce)
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the use of e-commerce to deliver information and public services to citizens, business partners, and suppliers of government entities, and those working in the public safety
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business model
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the method by which a company generates revenue to sustain itself
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auction
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a competitive process in which either a seller solicits bids from sellers, and prices are determined dynamically by competitive bidding
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foreward auctions
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an auction that sellers use as a selling channel to many potential buyers; the highest bidder wins the items
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reverse auctions
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an auction in which one buyer, usually an organization, seeks to buy a product or a service and suppliers submit bids; the lowest bidder wins
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electronic retailing (e-tailing)
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the direct sale of products and services through store fronts or electronic malls, usually designed around an electronic catalog format and/or auction
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electronic storefronts
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the web site of a single company, with its own internet address, at which orders can be placed
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electronic mall
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a collection of individual shops under one internet address
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disintermediation
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elimination of intermediaries in e-commerce
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cyberbanking
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various banking activities conducted electronically from a home, a business, or on the road instead of at a physical bank location
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virtual bank
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a banking institution dedicated solely to Internet transactions
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channel conflict
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the alienation of existing distributors when a company decides to sell to customers directly online
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multichanneling
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a process in which a company integrates its online and offline channels
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banners
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electronic billboards; most popular form of online advertising
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pop-up ad
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appears in front of the current browser window
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pop-under ad
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appears underneath the active window
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spamming
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the indiscriminate distribution of electronic ads without the permission of the receiver
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permission marketing
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asks consumers to give their permission to voluntarily accept online advertising and e-mail
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viral marketing
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refers to online "word-of-mouth" marketing
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sell-side marketplace
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organizations attempt to sell their products or services to other organizations electronically from their own private e-marketplace web site and/or from a third-party web site
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buy-side marketplace
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a model in which organizations attempt to buy needed products or services from other organizations electronically
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e-procurement
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purchasing by using electronic support
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group purchasing
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multiple buyers combine their orders so that they constitute a large volume and therefore attract more seller attention
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public exchanges
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e-marketplaces in which there are many sellers and many buyers
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vertical exchanges
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connect buyers and sellers in a given industry
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horizaontal exchanges
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connect buyers and sellers across many industries and are used mainly for MRO materials
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functional exchanges
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needed services such as temporary help or extra office space are traded on an "as-needed" basis
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electronic payment systems
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enable you to pay for goods and services electronically, rather than writing a check or using cash
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electronic checks
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used mostly in B2B, similar to regular paper checks
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electronic credit card
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allow customers to charge online payments to their credit card account; used primarily in B2C
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purchasing cards
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B2B equivalent of electronic credit cards; payments made this way are settled within a week
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electronic cash
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appears in four major forms: Store-value money cards, smart cards, person-to-person payments, and digital wallets
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store-value money cards
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form of e-cash, although its a credit card. allow you to store a fixed amount of prepaid money and then spend it as necessary
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smart cards
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contain a chip that can store a considerable amount of information. typically multipurpose (credit card, debit card, or a stored value money card)
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person-to-person payments
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form of e-cash that enables two individuals or an individual and a business to transfer funds without using a credit card
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digital wallets (e-wallets)
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software mechanisms that provide security measures, combined with convenience, to EC purchasing
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Legal Issues Specific to E-Commerce
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Fraud on the internet, domain names, cybersquatting, taxes and other fees, and copyright
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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
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the standard that enables wireless devices to access Web-based information and services
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microbrowsers
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Internet browsers with a small file size that can work within the confines of small screen sizes on wireless devices and the relatively low bandwidths of wireless networks
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short message service
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sending and receiving short text messages up to 160 characters in length
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microwave transmission
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systems are widely used for high-volume, long-distance, line-of-sight communication
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satellite transmission
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systems make use of communication satellites
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three types of satellites
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geostationary (GEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and low earth orbit (LEO)
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propagation delay
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the brief pause that makes two-way telephone conversations difficult
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global positioning system (GPS)
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a wireless system that uses satellites to enable users to determine their position anywhere on earth
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Internet over Satellite (IoS)
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enables users to access the internet via GEO satellites from a dish mounted on the side of their homes
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radio transmission
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uses radio-wave frequencies to send data directly between transmitters and receivers
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satellite radio (digital radio)
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offers uninterrupted, near CD-quality music that is beamed to your radio, either at home or in your car, from space
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infrared light
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red light that is not commonly visible to human eyes; used for short-distance connections between computers and peripheral equipment and LAN
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bluetooth
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an industry specification used to create small personal area networks
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personal area network
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a computer network used for communication among computer devices close to one person
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ultra-wideband (UWB)
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a high-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 Mbps; this very high speed makes it a good choice for applications such as streaming multimedia from a personal computer to a television
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near-field communications (NFC)
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has the smallest range of any short-range wireless networks; designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards
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wireless fidelity (WiFi)
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a medium-range wireless local area network; a set of standards for WLAN based on the IEEE 802.11 standard
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wireless local area network
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a wired LAN but without the cables; a computer network in a limited geographical area that uses wireless transmission for communication
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wireless access point
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an antenna connecting a mobile device to a wired local area network
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hotspot
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a wireless access point provides a service to a number of users within a small geographical perimeter (up to a couple hundred feet)
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wireless network interface card (NIC)
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a device that has a built-in radio and antenna and is essential to enable a computer to have wireless communication capabilities
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mesh networks
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use multiple Wi-Fi access points to create a wide are network that can be quite large
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cellular telephones
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use radio waves to provide two-way communication
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first generation (1G)
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used analog signals and had low bandwidth (capacity)
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second generation (2G)
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uses digital signals primarily for voice communications
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third generation (3G)
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uses digital analog signals; supports video, web browsing, and IM
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fourth generation (4G)
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still under development and does not fall under one defined technology or standard
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characteristic of mobile computing
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mobility, ubiquity, convenience, instant connectivity, customization, localization, m-commerce
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mobile commerce
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driven by: widespread availability of mobile devices, no need for a PC, the "cell phone culture", declining prices, bandwidth improvement
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financial services
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mobile banking, wireless electronic payment systems, micropayments, mobile (wireless) wallets, wireless bill payments
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mobile wallet
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technologies that enable cardholders to make purchases with a single click from their mobile devices
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mobile portal
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aggregates and provides content and services for mobile users
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voice portal
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a web site with an audio interface
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location-based commerce
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mobile commerce transactions targeted to individuals in specific locations at specific times
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telemetry
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the wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from remote sensors
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radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology
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allows manufacturers to attach tags with antennas and computer chips on goods and then track their movement through radio signals
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wireless sensor networks
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networks of interconnected, battery-powered, wireless sensors called motes (analogous to nodes) that are placed into the physical environment
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rogue access point
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an unauthorized access point to a wireless network
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war driving
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the act of locating WLANs while driving (or walking) around a city or elsewhere
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eavesdropping
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refers to efforts by unauthorized users to access data taht are traveling over wireless networks
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radio-frequency (RF) jamming
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a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions
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Technology (OL Model)
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Operating systems, computer aided manufacturing (CAM), Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), office automation, robotics
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knowledge acquisition (OL Model)
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point of sale terminals, transaction processing systems, search engines, metasearch engines, web portals, data mining
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decision making (OL Model)
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management support systems, decision support systems (DSS), group decision support systems (GDSS), executive information systems (EIS), expert systems, neural networks, digital dashboards, management cockpit
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incremental change (OL Model)
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quantitive (statistics packages (SPSS)) and qualitive (e-mail, video conferencing, telepresence systems, white boards, web 2.0, customer relationship management systems
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radical change (OL Model)
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computer-aided software engineering (CASE) and enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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ideals (OL Model)
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computer-aided design and virtual reality
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standards (OL Model)
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word processor and desktop publishing
