Mastering Biology Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Biology
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the study of living
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Science
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refers to a body of knowledge
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Scientific Method
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A systematic method of research consisting of putting a hypothesis to a test designed to disprove it, if it is indeed false.
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Hypothesis
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Tentative explanation for an observation that requires testing to validate.
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Testable
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Possible to evaluate through observations of the measurable universe.
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Falsifiable
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Able to be proven false.
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H. pylori
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Discovered in 1982 by Australian Scientists Warren and Marshall.Is known to be responsible for most ulcers.
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Scientific Theory
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Body of scientifically accepted general principles that explain natural phenomena.
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Inductive Reasoning
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A logical process that argues from specific instances to a general conclusion.
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Deductive Reasoning
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A.K.A deduction. Making a prediction about the outcome of a test; if/then statements
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Prediction
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Result expected from a particular test of a hypothesis if the hypothesis were true.
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Experiments
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are sets of actions/observations designed to test specific hypotheses.
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Data
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Info. collected by scientists during hypothesis testing.
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Variables
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A factor that varies in a population or over time.
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Independent Variable
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A factor whose value influences the value of the dependent variable but is not influenced by it. In experiments, the variable is manipulated. Typically describes the x-(horizontal) axis of a graph.
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Dependent Variable
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The variable in a study that is expected to change in response to changes in the independent variable. Typically describes the y-(vertical)axis of a graph.
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Control
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Subject for an experiment who is similar to experimental subject except is not exposed to the experimental treatment. Used as baseline value for comparison.
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Random Assignment
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Placing Individuals into experimental and control groups randomly to eliminate systematic differences between the groups.
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Placebo
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Sham treatments in experiments.
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Double Blind
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Experimental design protocol when both research subjects and scientists performing the measurements are unaware of either the experimental hypothesis or who is in the control or experimental group.
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Bias
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Influence of research participants' opinions on experimental results.
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Correlation vs. Causation
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Describes a relationship between two factors vs.
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Sample Size
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Small subgroup of a population used in a experimental test.
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Primary Sources
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Article reporting research results written by researchers, and reviewed by the scientific community.
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Truth
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In science it is defined as what we know and understand based on all currently available info.
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Peer Review
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The process by which reports of scientific research are examined and critiqued by other researchers before they are published in scholarly journals.
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Secondary Resources
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The media.
