8 Oral embryology and histology – Flashcards
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KEY TERMS
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Define embryology and histology
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Embryology = Study of prenatal development throughout the stages before birth. Histology = Study of the structure and function of the tissues on a microscopic level.
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Describe the three periods of prenatal development
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Preimplantation period Embryonic period Fetal period
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Prenatal influences on dental development
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Genetic and environmental factors.
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Function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
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Osteoblasts = Responsible for new bone formation. Osteoclasts = Responsible for resorption bone.
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Steps in the formation of the palate
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1.- Formation of the primary palate 2.- Formation of the secondary palate 3.- Fusion of the palate
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Stages in development of a tooth
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1.- Initiation 2.- Bud 3.- Cap 4.- Bell 5.- Apposition 6.- Maturation
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Genetic and environmental factors that can affect dental development
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Genetic, affect the tooth and jaw size. Environmental, teratogens and include infectons, drugs, and exposure to radiation.
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Life cycle of a tooth
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Growth periods: bud stage, cap stage and bell stage. Calcification: pits and fissures. Eruption of primary teeth Shedding of primary teeth Eruption of permanent teeth
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Explain the difference between the clinical and anatomic crowns
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Anatomic crown, is the portion of the tooth covered with enamel. Clinical crown, is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth.
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The tissues of the teeth
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Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum and periodontium.
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Three types of dentin
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Primary dentin, secondary dentin, tertiary dentin.
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Structure and location of the dental pulp
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Coronal pulp, pulp horns. Radicular pulp, root pulp
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The components of the periodontium
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Periodontal fiber groups, transseptal fiber groups, and gingival fiber groups.
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Functions of periodontal ligaments
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Supportive and protective functions, sensory function, nutritive function and formative and resorptive functions
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Types of oral mucosa and give an example of each
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Lining mucosa, inside of the cheeks, vestibule, lips, soft palate and ventral surface of the tongue. Masticatory mucosa, attached gingiva, hard palate, and dorsum of the tongue (keratinized). Specialized mucosa, lingual papillae.
