Energy, Heat, and Temperature Study Guide – Flashcards
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What is energy?
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Energy is the ability to cause change.
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What is the law of conservation of energy?
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Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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According to the law of conservation of energy, what should happen to the total amount of energy before and after an event?
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The total amount of energy before something happens must be equal to the amount afterward. The total energy amount doesn't change.
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A moving car smashes into a parked car and as a result, the parked car began to move. Is this an example of energy transfer or energy transformation?
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Energy transfer. The kinetic energy of the of moving car was transferred to the parked car.
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You start a camp fire by lighting couple of fire wood. Is this an example of energy transfer or energy transformation?
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Energy transformation. Chemical potential energy of the fire wood transformed into thermal energy, sound, and light.
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What is thermal energy or heat?
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Thermal energy or heat is an energy due to random motion of atoms and molecules.
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Thermal energy or heat always flows from...
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Thermal energy or heat always flows from object with higher temperature to object with lower temperature.
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What is temperature?
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Temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.
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How is heat (or thermal energy) different from temperature?
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Heat is energy and temperature is not energy.
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To raise temperature of an object, what must happen?
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You must add energy.
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Temperature of a cup of water dropped by 10C. What does this indicate about the water?
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The cup of water lost thermal energy to its surrounding.
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When you leave your home, you body feels cold. What does this mean?
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You body feels cold because you are losing thermal energy or heat to the surrounding air.
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What are three possible ways heat is transferred?
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1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation
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What causes the transfer of heat?
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Difference in temperature
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What is conduction of energy?
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Conduction is the transfer of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object through direct contact.
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What is a conductor of energy?
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Conductor is an object that transfers energy quickly.
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What is an insulator of energy?
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Insulator is a poor conductor. It transfer energy slowly.
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What is convection of energy?
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During convection, energy is transferred by movement of particles in gases and liquids.
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What causes gases and liquids to rise when they are heated?
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When gases and liquids are heated, they become less dense and pushed upward by gases and liquids that are more dense.
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What is radiation?
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Radiation is energy that travels as electromagnetic waves.
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What happens when an object absorbs radiation?
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When an object absorbs radiation, its temperature increases due to increased thermal energy or heat.
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The warmth you feel when you hold a hot-water bottle.
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Example of conduction
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The fact that it's hotter upstairs in a house than downstairs, due to heat rising.
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Example of convection
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Feeling the heat of a campfire from a distance.
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Example of radiation
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A Styrofoam cooler slowly gaining heat from the surroundings on a hot day.
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Example of conduction
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The warmth you feel when you place your hands above a campfire.
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Example of convection
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The heat we can feel on Earth from the Sun.
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Example of radiation
