Test Answers on Psychology Chapter 10 – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Deacon Kirby
Stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Fight-or-flight
an emergency response, including activity of the sympathetic nervous system, that mobilizes energy and activity for attacking or escaping a threat
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three stages-alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Tend and befriend
under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health
Lymphocytes
two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: Type B release antibodies that fight bacterial infections, Type T attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances
Coronary heart disease
clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries like North America
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type B
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easy going, relaxed people
Problem-focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress directly-by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
Emotion-focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
Personal control
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
Learned helplessness
the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
External locus of control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
Internal locus of control
the perception that we control our own fate
Optimism
the anticipation of positive outcomes. People who expect the best and expect their efforts to lead to good things
Pessimism
the anticipation of negative outcomes. People who expect the worst and doubt that their goals will be achieved
Aerobic exercise
sustained activity that increases heart and lung fitness; may also reduce depression and anxiety
Biofeedback
a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information about a subtle, physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension