US History II AE Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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J.P. Morgan
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Banking
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John Rockefeller
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Oil
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Andrew Carnegie
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Steel
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Jane Addams
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Helped Mentally Disabled
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Hull House
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Created Settlement Houses for Mentally Disabled
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Ida B. Wells
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Anti-Lynching
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Bust Trusts (Monopoly)
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Social Darwinism
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Survival of the Fittest: White vs. Black, Rich vs. Poor
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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1st American to go to Japan
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Japan
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Samurai Following
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Far East
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Strong Empires in Asia
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Hawaii
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US annexes Hawaii --> access to Japanese resources
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William Seward
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Takes Alaska, Buys it from Russia
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Alaska
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William Seward
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Naval Power
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US Ships
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Alfred T. Mahan
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Use Naval Power to enforce US Trade & control other countries
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The Maine
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Spanish destroyed US ship, need to protect Cuba
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Yellow Press
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Propaganda on Butcher Weyer
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Butcher Weyler
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Spanish General
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George Dewey
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Philippines
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Rough Riders
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Made TR Famous
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America in Venezuela and Cuba
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Imperialism
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American in the Philippines
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Imperialism
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Teddy Roosevelt
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Republican President
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Splendid Little War
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Spanish-American War
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Roosevelt Corollary
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US intervention in Latin America
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Panama Canal
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Started Revolution in Columbia --> Created Panama Canal
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Square Deal
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TR's Domestic Program: Conserve Natural Resources, control corporations, & consumer protection
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Newlands Reclamation Act
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Conservation
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McKinley Assassination
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Civil War Veteran
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Coal Strike of 1902
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Labor workers opposition
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Northern Securities Case
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First trust busted (Rail Roads)
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Conservations
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Preserve Environment
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Upton Sinclair
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Wrote Jungle about diseases caused by food
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The Jungle
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Book written about unhealthy meat
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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Federal inspection of Meat, No production of dangerous medicines
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Meat Inspection Act
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Inspection of Meat
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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
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Regulates Rail Roads
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City Reform
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Stop corruption
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Bob LaFollette
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Progressive Reform
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Muckrackers
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Revealing problems in society
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
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Deaths of many women factory workers (safety regulations needed)
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Lincoln Steffens
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Corruption
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Ida Tarbell
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Trust, Exposed standard oil
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Jacob Riis
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Poverty
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Booker T. Washington
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Black rights, passive (accepts segregation)
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W.E.B. DuBois
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Black rights, Aggressive (pushed for Civil Rights, NAACP)
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William Howard Taft
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Trust-busting, civil service reform, ICC supporter
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Bull Moose Party
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Progressive Party, split Republican party (Taft vs. TR)
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Eugene Debs
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Inter-Nation Labor Union
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Socialism
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Public controls production
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Woodrow Wilson
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Leader of Progressive Movement
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Federal Reserve Act
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Created Central baking system in US & granted legal authority to issue legal tender
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Assassinated, Started WWI, Austrians vs. Serbians
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Neutrality
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US isolation from European affairs
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Alliance System
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Central Powers vs. Allies
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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German Emperor
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U-Boats (Unterseeboot)
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Americans want to give goods to the British but Germans keep destroying US ships
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Lusitania
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Destroyed British ships with Americans on board
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Arabic and Sussex Pledges
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Germans promised change of naval warfare (public)
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Wilson's Fourteen Points
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League of Nations, spread democracy, world peace
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The Zimmerman Note
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Mexicans work with Germans to invade US & Allies
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Trench Warfare
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Fighting in pits, machine gun turrets, foot soldiers
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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German subs attack Allied merchant ships w/o warning
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War Industries Board
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Coordinates War Industries, Gov't controls war efforts & economy
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Wartime Propaganda
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Controlling opinions
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American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
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US army
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Battle of the Somme
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Offensive by British & French forces vs. Germans
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Selective Service Act
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Military Draft (US)
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Liberty Loans
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Gave War Bonds
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National War Labor Board
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Prevent disputes between workers & managers
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Committee on Public Information
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Made propaganda
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Sedition Act
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Forbade offensive language directed towards US
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Espionage Act
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Prohibited interference with US military operations
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The Treaty of Versailles
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US didn't want to join League of Nations
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War-Guilt Clause
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Legal basis for reparations (German)
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Big Four
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Allied Leaders, met at Yalta
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League of Nations
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Inter-Governmental organization founded because of Paris Peace Conference
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Post War Troubles
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Workers strike against US Gov't
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Red Scare
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Elimination of American Communists
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Palmer Raids
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Attorney general, deported Communists/foreigners
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Immigration Policy
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Bans Asians from entering US
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Racial Conflict
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White radicals vs. Blacks
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KKK
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Hated immigrants
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Return to Normalcy
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Warren Harding's campaign promise
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Conservative vs. Liberal
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Perspectives on Gov't regulation
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Warren Harding
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Republican Conservative --> Gov't controls
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Calvin Coolidge
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President after Harding, small-Gov't conservative
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National Origins Act
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Asian Exclusion
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Emergency Quota Act
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Immigration Restriction
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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Naval Oil Reserve Scandal
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Prohibition
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Restriction of Alcohol in US
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Amendment 18
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Prohibition
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Amendment 19
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Women's suffrage movement
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Anarchists convicted for murder
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Harlem Renaissance
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Jazz Era
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Duke Ellington
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Jazz Musician
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Marcus Garvey
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Don't fight segregation (Black), just leave
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Urban Prosperity and Difficulty for Farmers
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Imported goods, Non Self-Sufficient
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Cars and Henry Ford
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Innovation of production lines --> Economy Boom
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Flappers
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New group of young western women
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Religious Fundamentalism
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Evolution, No Darwinism taught in schools
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Scopes Trial
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Teach evolution in Southern Schools?
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Radio
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Broadcast news & presidential elections; Jazz Music
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Margin Buying
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Buying on credit with loans
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Herbert Hoover
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Economic Modernization
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Rugged Individualism
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Survive by one's self
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Laissez Faire
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Super conservative, no Gov't regulation
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Stock Market Crash
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Inflation
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Causes of the Depression
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WWI --> US banks lend money to Allies & Germany (reparations)
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Bonus Army
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WWI veterans want money for serving in war
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff
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High tariff --> depression worsens
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Hoovervilles
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Metal houses
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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War is illegal
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Presidential Election of 1932
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FDR vs. Hoover --> FDR wins & proposes to fix Depression
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Unemployment
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No jobs
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FDR's First Hundred Days and The First New Deal
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Conservation work in forests
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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Give jobs to poor people
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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Provide rural hydro-power
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
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Give $ to farmers to stop planting
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National Recovery Act (NRA)
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Mandatory codes for employers to follow
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Repeal for Prohibition
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legalize booze --> create jobs
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Second New Deal
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Social Security, Aid the public ($)
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Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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Construction of public establishments
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Social Security Act
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Promised pensions for elderly
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Packing the Supreme Court
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Addition of more conservative Republicans for FDR support (New Deal)
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Brain Trust
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FDR's advisers
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Prances Perkins
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1st Woman Cabinet member, Social Security
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Dustbowl
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Desert Storm --> agricultural damage
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Father Charles Coughlin
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Nationalized Industry
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Huey Long
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Share wealth, Socialist
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Conditions for Europe after WWI
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Great debt to US, significant damage
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Fascism and the rise of Hitler and Mussolini
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Dictatorships, Hitler promises to bring Germany out of hard war times
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Rise of Japan and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
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Strong economy, Communism
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Munich Pact
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Give Hitler land --> Hitler stops conquering Europe
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Blitzkrieg
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Speedy Warfare
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Battle of Britain
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Royal Air Force, Germany bombs UK
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The Holocaust
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Killing of Jews
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Neutrality Acts
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US stays isolated
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Cash and Carry
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Allied ships collect US goods (Trade)
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Lend-Lease Act
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US supplies UK during WWII
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Pacific and European Theatres of War
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Shows horrors of war to public
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The Atlantic Charter
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Allies decide not to conquer the countries at war
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Pearl Harbor
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Japanese "secretly" attack US, US joins WWII
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American Industrialization
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New weapons, Airplanes, Bombs
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Link between the Great Depression and WWII
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Creation of more US jobs, WWII --> End of Great Depression
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African Americans and Women during WWII
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Take jobs of White Men
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The Draft
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Military WWII Draft based on Birthday
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Propaganda
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Japanese & German (Made by US)
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Rationing
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All consumer goods to to US soldiers in war
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Japanese Internment
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Japanese citizens of US (spies?)
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The Atomic Bomb
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Fewer US soldiers deaths, Less use of resources, End of War
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Manhattan Project
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Built the Atomic Bomb (US)
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Yalta Conference
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Stalin enters Japan, Germany separated into 4 parts
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Iron Curtain
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Division of Europe (Allies vs. Russia)
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Marshall Plan
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US program to aid UK, rebuilt European economies
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Truman Doctrine
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US supports Greece & Turkey, prevent Communism
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Containment
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Aid countries bordering Russia, protect potential dominoes from USSR
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Hydrogen Bomb
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Nuclear Innovation (Russian)
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Berlin Airlift
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USSR blocks Allies from access of Berlin
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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Mutual defense to opposing attack forces
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Warsaw Pact
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Iron Curtain, East & West totally separate
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Brinkmanship
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Game of chicken with missile construction
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McCarthyism
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Fear of Communism influences politics
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Sputnik
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Russian satellite
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John Dulles
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Secretary of State
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Hollywood Ten
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Regan turns it into Nixon, suspected Communists
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CIA in Middle East and Latin America
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Castro (Cuba), Shah (Iran)
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U2 Incident
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US spy plans shot down in USSR airspace
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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Unsuccessful action by Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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USSR missiles on Cuba, threatens US security
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Alliance for Progress
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Kennedy gives $ to Latin America, makes them better
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Peace Corps
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Maintain isolation & Us peace with other countries
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Truman and the Presidential Election of 1948
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Truman defeats Dewy, Huge upset, Democrats regain control over both Congressional houses (Republican & Democrat)
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Rock and Roll and Elvis
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Evolution of Music
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Television
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Broadcast Presidential elections
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Suburbia and the Interstate Highway System
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Distribution of goods & sciences
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Conformity and Consumerism
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Fashion, Increases Economic Production
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The Baby Boom
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Traditional Families
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Kim Il Sung
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Korean Communist Politician, Led North Korea
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The UN Security Council
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International Peace & Security
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Douglas MacArthur
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American General in Philippines
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Red China
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Chinese Soviet Republic (Communist)
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Truman and Korea
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Ordered US involvement in Korean War
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Eisenhower and Korea
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Ended US involvement in Korean War
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Stalemate and Treaty of Korea
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Ending Korean War
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Racial segregation in private business
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Separate public schools, Black vs. Whites
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Rosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Opposition to segregation
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Emmett Till
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Murdered for "stepping out of place" (talking to a white girl)
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Theories of Non-Violence
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No violence between white & black citizens
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Little Rock Nine
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First 9 Black students to attend While-only school
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
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American Civil Rights
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Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
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Pro-Free Rides & Bus Boycotts
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
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Us Civil Rights Movement
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Freedom Rides
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Bus Boycotts through carpooling
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Birmingham Campaign
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Bring attention to unequal rights of blacks
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Selma Campaign
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Last stand for voting rights of Civil Rights Movement
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March on Washington, MLK
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Black Rights
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Malcolm X
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Black Muslim minister, human rights activist, public speaker
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Black Power and Black Panthers
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Want equality for Blacks
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The Election of 1960
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Richard Nixon vs. JFK, JFK wins
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The New Frontier
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JFK's Foreign & Domestic Programs
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The JFK assassination
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Shot during Presidential motorcade by Lee Oswald --> Oswald shot by Jack Ruby
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The Great Society
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Domestic programs by JFK with reference to LBJ
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Medicare and Medicaid
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Health insurance coverage to elderly, Health program for Low-Income citizens
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Dien Bien Phu
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Battle of France vs. Viet Minh
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Congress repealed resolution --> Nixon given total control of US army in Vietnam
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Character of fighting in Vietnam
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Guerrilla Warfare
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The Tet Offensive
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Vietcong surprise attack on US embassy --> Credibility gap
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Bombing of North Vietnam
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Auick way for US to end Vietnam War
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William Westmoreland
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Vice-President under LBJ,Lied to public about war horrors
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My Lai Massacre
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US platoon murders innocent Vietcong citizens
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Kent State Shootings
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National Guard kills student protesters
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The Antiwar Movement
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Republican organization to end Vietnam War
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Cambodian Incursion
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Us troops invade Cambodia to kill Vietcong
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The Legacy of the War
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High US death tolls, Hurts US economy ($)
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The Hippies and their Legacy
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Opposition to Gov't in EVERY WAY, Peace activists
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Amendment 25
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Presidential Elections
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Warren Burger and the Burger Court
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Chief Justice of US, Pro Gov't Control (against Conservatives in Public freedom)
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Richard Nixon
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Restore Law & Order, Appealed to Middle-Class citizens
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Detente
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Cooling of Tensions between employers and workers
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SALT I
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Restrict use of Nuclear Weapons (US vs. USSR)
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Watergate
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Nixon secretly recording Democratic meetings --> Nixon's impeachment
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Gerald Ford
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Republican, pardons Nixon, Give citizens $ so they can work
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Jimmy Carter
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Pro-Civil Rights, Supports Tax Reforms & Welfare Systems, Democratic
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Malaise Speech
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American People --> Crisis of Confidence
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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Iranian Leader of Revolution to overthrow Shah of Iran
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SALT II
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Limits on strategic warfare (US vs. USSR)
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Ronald Regan
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Republican, Low Taxes/Big Business/Cut Gov't Spending
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The New Right and Conservatism
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Conservative Political Movements
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Supply-Side Economics
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Cut Taxes --> Incentive to work --> Gov't revenues increase
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Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
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Increase military spending --> defense system
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Iran-Contra Scandal
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Reagan's administration sent $ from exchanges to Contras in Nicaragua
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George H.W. Bush
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Reagan Revolution, Small Gov't
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Operation Desert Storm
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Iran & Iraq in long war over oil, US intervenes when American oil fields in Kuwait are threatened
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Bill Clinton
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Supported Liberal & Conservative Programs
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Ross Perot
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Rich businessman, understands economy, targeted federal budget deficit
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The Election of 2000
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George W. Bush vs. Al Gore, Ballot Mistakes --> Recount, George W. Bush wins
