NHA EKG Certification Study Guide – Flashcards
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What is the heart's primary pacemaker?
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SA Node
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What is a more medically correct term for the clotting of an artery?
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Occlusion
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When the Atria depolarize (or contract), what is shown on the EKG tracing?
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P Wave
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aVR picks up from the center of the ___ to the ___ ___. (Add "to the" in your answer.)
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Heart to the Right Arm
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An irregular heartbeat that is common among children is called _____ _____.
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Sinus Arrhythmia
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1 small box on an EKG strip denotes 0.04 seconds of time. How long is this represented in millimeters?
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1 mm
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Lead I picks up from the ___ ___ to the ___ ___. (Add "to the" in your answer.)
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Right Arm to the Left Arm
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What is the term used to described the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute?
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Cardiac Output
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Leads I through III are collectively known as?
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Standard Leads
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Lead II picks up from the ___ ___ to the ___ ___. (Add "to the" in your answer.)
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Right Arm to the Left Leg
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Leads V1 through V6 are collectively known as (Hint: Chest)
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Precordial Leads
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What is the main artery in the arterial system? (Hint: It carries oxygenated blood to the heart and other parts of the body.)
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Aorta
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aVL picks up from the center of the ___ to the ___ ___. (Add "to the" in your answer.)
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Heart to the Left Arm
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aVR, aVL, and aVF are collectively known as?
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Augmented Leads
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Lead III picks up from the ___ ___ to the ___ ___. (Add "to the" in your answer.)
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Left Arm to the Left Leg
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Leg electrodes are only used for?
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Grounding
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aVF picks up from the center of the ___ to the ___ ___. (Add "to the" in your answer.)
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Heart to the Left Leg
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What is the main vein in the venous system? (Hint: It carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart's right atrium.)
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Superior Vena Cava
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When the heart is in a Systolic State, what pacemaker releases an electrical impulse?
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AV Node
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V5, located on the anterior axillary line (AAL), should be placed halfway between which two leads?
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V4 and V6
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The Mitral Valve is also known as the ___ ___.
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Bicuspid Valve
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When the Ventricles depolarize (or contract), what is shown on the EKG tracing?
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QRS Complex
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When using a Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff) to measure blood pressure, the FIRST audible thump when listening to the brachial artery with a Stethoscope denotes what kind of pressure?
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Systolic
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The Angle of Louis provides the LOCATION for which intercostal space? (Write out the number)
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Second
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When clotting reduces oxygen supply to a region of the heart it is known as _____.
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Ischemia
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When the Atria repolarize (or are at rest), what is shown on the EKG tracing?
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PR Segment
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True or False? You should stop a stress test because of a change of heart rhythm.
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False
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What is missing in this outline of Pulmonary Circulation? 1) RA (Right Atrium) 2) Tricuspid Valve 3) RV (Right Ventricle) 4) Pulmonary Valve 5) Pulmonary Arteries (Right/Left) 6) Lungs 7) Pulmonary Veins (Right/Left) 8) LA (Left Atrium) 9) Mitral Valve 10) LV (Left Ventricle) 11) _____ 12) Aorta
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Aortic Valve
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What is formed by the manubrium and the body of the sternum and helps in electrode placement?
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Angle of Louis
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V1 is placed in the 4th intercostal space and is located on which side of the sternum?
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Right
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The distance between P wave to P wave can be used to calculate what kind of rate? (2 words) Equation = 1500 / (distance b/w P waves)(# of boxes b/w P waves) *OR* 300 / # of big boxes b/w P waves
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Atrial Rate
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Which lead should be placed just below the nipple, in the 5th intercostal space on the midclavicular line (MCL)?
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V4
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What arrhythmia is associated with the skipping of heartbeats on an EKG tracing? (2 words)
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Sinus Arrest
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Which side of the sternum would you place V2 if the patient had dextrocardia?
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Right
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V3 should be placed halfway between which two leads?
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V2 and V4
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V6 is placed along the same horizontal plane as V4 and on the _____ line. (Hint: MAL)
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Midaxillary
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The presence of an inverted or absent P wave indicates what type of arrhythmia? (Hint: 2 words)
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Junctional Rhythm
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1 minute of an EKG strip is equivalent to how many millimeters in length?
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1500 mm
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A full cycle of Ventricles in action is shown as what on the EKG tracing
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QT Interval
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What is a more medically correct term for chest pain?
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Angina
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True or False? Systemic circulation refers to the part of the circulatory system in which the blood leaves the heart, services the body's cells, and then re-enters the heart.
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True
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When the Ventricles remain depolarized (or contracted), what is shown on the EKG tracing?
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ST Segment
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The normal human heart rate is between ___ and ___ bpm.
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60 and 100
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An Inverted T Wave is an indicator for what type of arrhythmia?
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Ischemia
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The distance between R wave to R wave can be used to calculate what kind of rate? (2 words) Equation = 1500 / (distance b/w R waves)(# of boxes b/w R waves) *OR* 300 / # of big boxes b/w R waves
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Ventricular Rate
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What arrhythmia is associate with having a heart rate of over 100/min? (2 words)
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Sinus Tachycardia
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Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide exchange takes place in the _____ of the lungs.
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Alveoli
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When 4 chambers of the heart are at rest, what is shown on the EKG tracing?
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Baseline
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An Elevated ST Segment is an indicator for what type of arrhythmia?
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Myocardial Infarction
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When the Ventricles repolarize (or are at rest), what is shown on the EKG tracing?
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T Wave
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What arrhythmia is associated with having a heart rate of under 60/min? (2 words)
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Sinus Bradycardia
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What does the aV in such leads as aVR, aVL and aVF stand for?
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Augmented Voltage
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What is the standard number of leads in EKG tracing?
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12
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When the heart is in a Diastolic State, what pacemaker releases an electrical impulse?
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SA Node
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What blood vessels contain a pulse?
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Arteries
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A full cycle of Atria in action is shown as what on the EKG tracing?
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PR Interval
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When using a Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff) to measure blood pressure, the LAST audible thump when listening to the brachial artery with a Stethoscope denotes what kind of pressure?
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Diastolic
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The average normal blood pressure is around ___/___.
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120/70
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What are you feeling for in a patient's wrist to find out their heart rate?
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Radial Artery
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In cardiology, what does M.I. stand for?
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Myocardial Infarction
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True or False? Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) is between 70/min and 120/min.
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False
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What is missing in this outline of the Cardiac Conduction System? 1) SA Node 2) Internodal Circuit 3) AV Node 4) ______ 5) Bundle Branches (Left/Right) 6) Purkinje Fibers
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Bundle of His
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What chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium?
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Left Ventricle
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True or False? A patient that has fallen asleep will interfere with EKG testing.
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False
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True or False? A Q wave is always negative.
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True
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What arrhythmia is associated with sawtooth waves between QRS complexes?
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Atrial Flutter
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The Angle of Louis provides the REFERENCE for finding which intercostal space? (Write out the number)
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Fourth
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When an Artificial Atrial Pacemaker is captured on EKG tracing, there is a _____ followed by a QRS complex.
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Spike
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If U waves are shown on EKG tracing, what type of vitamin deficiency is present?
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Potassium
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A patient undergoing an EKG that begins to have a shortness of breath should be moved to what position? High-Fowler's, Fowler's, or Semi-Fowler's position?
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Semi-Fowler's Position
