Question 1

Maslow referred to the needs for purpose and meaning that lie beyond the self as

Accepted Answer

self-transcendence needs.

Question 2

According to Joseph LeDoux, our automatic and most rapid emotional responses involve neural processing that follows:

Accepted Answer

the low road.

Question 3

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of:

Accepted Answer

boredom

Question 4

Cassandra\'s mother told her, \"You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside.\" This remark best illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

James-Lange theory.

Question 5

In studies of both secondary school and university students, ________ has been a better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores have been.

Accepted Answer

self-discipline

Question 6

A deep sense of well-being results when our need for relatedness is satisfied in balance with our psychological need for:

Accepted Answer

autonomy

Question 7

Basal metabolic rate is the body\'s resting rate of:

Accepted Answer

energy expenditure.

Question 8

People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry. This illustrates that activated motives:

Accepted Answer

dominate consciousness.

Question 9

Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom\'s stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous tumor. Following a successful recovery, Tom\'s reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body\'s reduced secretion of:

Accepted Answer

ghrelin

Question 10

Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone:

Accepted Answer

PYY

Question 11

When Amir took his first ride on the big Ferris wheel, he looked down at the fairground 100 feet below and became aware of his high level of physiological arousal. Suddenly he felt frightened. The sequence of events in Amir\'s emotional experience reflects:

Accepted Answer

the James-Lange theory.

Question 12

Which division of the nervous system calms the body after an emergency has passed?

Accepted Answer

parasympathetic

Question 13

Tyra\'s mouth is dry and she realizes that she hasn\'t had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. She immediately stops what she is doing and heads for the nearest water fountain. Which of the following can be used to explain why she is motivated to get a drink of water?

Accepted Answer

drive-reduction theory

Question 14

The tendency for optimal levels of performance to be associated with moderate levels of arousal is known as:

Accepted Answer

the Yerkes-Dodson theory

Question 15

Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and

Accepted Answer

drive reduction

Question 16

With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________.

Accepted Answer

fall rise

Question 17

Research has shown that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional experiences. This finding supports the:

Accepted Answer

James lange

Question 18

The level of serotonin in the brain is:

Accepted Answer

increased by a diet high in carbohydrates.

Question 19

Sonya has just finished a large birthday dinner. When the waiter offers to give her a complementary birthday dessert, she explains that she is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because her:

Accepted Answer

ghrelin levels are low.

Question 20

As people experience negative emotions:

Accepted Answer

the right prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active.

Question 21

Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in the absence of conscious thought are possible because certain neural pathways bypass the:

Accepted Answer

prefrontal cortex.

Question 22

Which theory fails to account for the many human behaviors motivated by physiological needs and psychological wants?

Accepted Answer

instinct theory

Question 23

According to drive-reduction theory, a need refers to:

Accepted Answer

a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.

Question 24

In addition to secreting the hunger-triggering hormone orexin, the ________ monitors levels of the body\'s other appetite hormones.

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

Question 25

While we are pulled to reduce _______, we are pushed by _______ which can be positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us.

Accepted Answer

drives, incentives

Question 26

The fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

human genetic similarities.

Question 27

After experiencing the stress of losing her job, Colleen suffered an increased incidence of cold and flu infections. Her increased illness is best attributed to reduced levels of:

Accepted Answer

lymphocytes.

Question 28

In considering the impact of public policies such as tax rates or divorce laws, many psychologists believe that assessments of ________ would be the most useful for guiding nations toward policies that foster human flourishing.

Accepted Answer

subjective well-being

Question 29

In one study, sugar (in a naturally sweetened lemonade) reduced participants\' financial impulsiveness by increasing their:

Accepted Answer

self-control energy.

Question 30

Almost all adult residents in the town of Roxbury attend weekly religious services, whereas almost all adult residents in the nearby town of Worthington rarely do so. Compared with the residents of Worthington, the residents of Roxbury are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

have a physically healthy lifestyle.

Question 31

As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

sympathetic

Question 32

The correlation between religious involvement and life expectancy best illustrates the health value of:

Accepted Answer

faith factor

Question 33

Heart disease and depression may both result when chronic stress triggers:

Accepted Answer

persistent inflammation.

Question 34

Which of the following best explains why, for those who are not poor, more money buys little more than a temporary surge of happiness?

Accepted Answer

the adaptation-level phenomenon

Question 35

Attending closely to our immediate experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner is most clearly central to:

Accepted Answer

mindfulness meditation.

Question 36

Which immune system cells act as hungry scavengers that trap and ingest worn-out cells?

Accepted Answer

macrophages

Question 37

A loss of perceived control tends to result in:

Accepted Answer

reduced immune response

Question 38

Reduced feelings of tension following aggressive outbursts are most likely to contribute to:

Accepted Answer

the reinforcement of aggression.

Question 39

Which of the following factors has been found to be clearly related to feelings of general happiness or life satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

having an active religious faith

Question 40

The risk of coronary heart disease is increased by:

Accepted Answer

high blood pressure.

Question 41

Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack:

Accepted Answer

perceived control.

Question 42

Which of the following best explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Stress suppresses the release of lymphocytes.

Question 43

Expressing anger can temporarily calm us if it:

Accepted Answer

does not leave us feeling guilty or anxious.

Question 44

Addressing stressors with problem-focused coping would be most characteristic of those:

Accepted Answer

who have a sense of personal control.

Question 45

Bryson was encouraged by a supportive network of friends following a serious business setback. Research suggests that this social support was likely to improve Bryson\'s health by reducing his:

Accepted Answer

blood pressure

Question 46

One genetic marker of an optimistic personality style is a gene that enhances levels of the hormone:

Accepted Answer

oxytocin

Question 47

Continuously high levels of ________ are an indication that a person is at high risk for a future heart attack.

Accepted Answer

cortisol

Question 48

After experiencing the stress of losing her job, Colleen suffered an increased incidence of cold and flu infections. Her increased illness is best attributed to reduced levels of:

Accepted Answer

lymphocytes.

Question 49

An overactive immune system puts women at higher risk of ________ than men.

Accepted Answer

lupus

Question 50

One of the major pillars of the positive psychology movement involves the study of:

Accepted Answer

character strength

Question 51

Relaxation procedures have been found to reduce:

Accepted Answer

depression levels.

Question 52

In recent years, Hispanics relocating to the United States have faced the challenges of mastering a new language as well as new social customs and legal requirements. Adjusting to these challenges most clearly entails:

Accepted Answer

acculturative stress.

Question 53

Those who suppress their negative emotions in order to avoid social disapproval are at increased risk for a nonfatal heart attack. These individuals have been characterized as ________ personalities.

Accepted Answer

Type D

Question 54

Compared to those with an external locus of control, people who perceive an internal locus of control are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

cope effectively with stress.

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