Nutrition Chapter 3 Test Answers – Flashcards
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constipation
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difficult/infrequent bowel movement
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Ignoring normal bowel movement
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common cause of constipation
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inc fiber and fluid
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best thing for constipation
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requires oxygen
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aerobic
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Plasma
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is the fluid, extracellular portion of the circulating blood that contains blood serum and all blood-clotting factors.
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Bile
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helps fat digestion by suspending fat in water in the small intestines
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bicarbonate
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Neutralizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine
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Passive diffusion includes?
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fat, water
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Facilitated diffusion includes?
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fructose
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active transport includes?
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glucose, amino acid
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phagocytosis includes?
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immune substances from human milk
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chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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Level of organization?
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Not beneficial to heart burn?
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increasing consumption of milk and cream to coat stomach.
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What is a probiotic?
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contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.
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Arteries
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blood leaves the heart via
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capillaries
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arteries branch into a network of tiny blood vesicles called ?
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veins
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blood vessels that carry blood into the heart
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The kidneys remove waste from the body.
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role of the kidneys
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stomach
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gastric
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chyme
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food that becomes a watery mixture
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intrinsic fluid
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important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.
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pyloric sphincter
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controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
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blood becomes oxygenated, returns to left side of heart, to body, deoxygenated and to right side
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circulation order?
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insulin
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decreases blood glucose levels
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H2 blockers
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Prescribed to reduce stomach acid production
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NSAID's
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Should be avoided because they reduce mucus production
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Antibiotics
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Prescribed to cure H. pylori infection
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Liver
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What organ produces bile?
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mouth, esophagus, stomach, small, large
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Order of GI tract
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chemical energy
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The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
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endocrine
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made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.
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connective
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tissue is part of rigid body structures, such as bone and cartilage.
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Hepatic portal vein
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Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?
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Excretion of fat-soluble vitamins
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system
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It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.
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Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system?
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pyloric sphincter
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The stomach empties into the small intestine through the
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liver
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organs serves as a storage depot for many vitamins and minerals?
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nutrigenomics.
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The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called
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chyme
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Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called
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Antacids
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Which of the following therapies is appropriate for treatment of occasional heartburn?
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proton pump inhibitor
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A(n) _______________ is a medication that inhibits the ability of gastric cells to secrete hydrogen ions.
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Passive diffusion
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When a nutrient moves freely from an area of higher solute concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called
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water, fiber, bacteria, worn orb intestinal cells
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The components of feces
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umami
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A brothy, meaty, savory flavor in some foods; monosodium glutamate enhances this flavor
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villa
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Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of foodstuffs
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urea
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Nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine
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amylase
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breaks down carbs
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lipase
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breaks down fats
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pepsin
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breaks down proteins
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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parts of the small intestines
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primary active transport
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uses ATP
