Physical Chemistry Exam 1 Test Questions – Flashcards
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Heiarchy of Science
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-Philosophy -math -physics -chemistry= materials, biology, chemistry
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Areas of Chemistry
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-physical -organic -inorganic -analytical -forensic -bio -polymer
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Areas of physical Chemistry
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-quantum -thermo -kinetics/dynamics -spectroscopy
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what is temperature
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transitionary exchange between thermal energy; average kinetic energy
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Celsius
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(F-32)* 5/9
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Fahrenheit
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(C*9/5)+32
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Kelvin
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C +273
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Rankine
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Absolute temp for F -459.7
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Ideal Gas Law
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PV=nRT
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Different Constant R
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8.314 JK^-1mol^-1 .08314 LbarK^-1mol^-1 .08206 LatmK^-1mol^-1
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pascals to bar
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1 pa= 1*10^-5 bar
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pascals to psi
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1 pa= 1.5 *10^-4 psi
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pascals to torr
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1 pa= 7.5*10^-3 torr
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atm to pascals
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1 atm= 1.1*10^5 pa
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atm to bar
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1 atm= 1.013 bar
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Vänder Walls equation
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P= nRT/ V-nb - n^2a/V^2 -ususally in bar
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a in Vander walls refers to
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intermolecular interactions
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b in Vander walls refers to
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molecule and atoms take up space
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nR
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moles * gas constant R
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NK
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Boltzmanns constant * avagadros number = gas constant NK=R
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Avagadros number
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6.022*10^23 mol^-1
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Boltzmanns constant
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1.38*10^-23 J/K
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Joule
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kgm^2/S^2
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Newton
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kgm/s^2
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Pa
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N/m^2
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h
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6.626*10^-34 Js
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c
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3.0*10^10 cm/s
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Permutations
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exact order P=n!/ (n-j)!
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configurations
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order doesn't matter P=n!/ (n-j)!j!
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probability
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adds to 1
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Wavenumber to Joules
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hc*wavenumber 500* (6.626*10^-34)*(3*10^10)
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wavelength to Joules
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J= ch/ wavelength
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Boltzmann constant
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1.38*10^-23 J/K
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Boltzmann Distribution Factor
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e^-E/KT
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4 energy levels
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1. electronic 2.vibrational 3.rotational 4.translational
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vibrational
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harmonic oscillator -increase energy gap -harder to populate
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boltzmanns tombstone
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S=klogW w=# of ways S= entropy k= constant
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rotational
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rigid rotor
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translational
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particle in a box, infinite energy levels
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W
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N!/(H!T!)
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macrostates
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macroscopic properties of a system such as temperature, pressure, volume, and density
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microstates
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possible arrangements of the position and kinetic energies of the particles in a system (W)
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distributions
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distribution of energy associated with the dominant configuration
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ensembles
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a large collection of identical units or replies to a system
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canonical ensemble
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V,T, N are constant -most talked about volume most important -
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isothermal-isobaric ensemble
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-pressure most important -N,T, p
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A for ensemble
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helmholtz free energy
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Why we study probability and how it connects micro to macro
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Everything in nature relies on concepts from statistics and probability -microscopic viewpoint utilized by quantum mechanics in which matter is described through detailed analysis of its atomic and molecular components -macroscopic viewpoint utilized by thermodynamics can predict the outcome of chemical events
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usually the value of the electronic partition function
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1
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value for boltzmann factor for the ground state normally
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1
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total energy of a system
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Et+ Er+Ev+Ee
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total partion function of system
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qt*qr*qv*qe
