PSYCH 1110 General Psychology Chapter 16 – Flashcards
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psychotherapy
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treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
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biomedical therapy
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prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology
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eclectic approach
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an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
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psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed
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resistance
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in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
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interpretation
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in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
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transference
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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
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psychodynamic therapy
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therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
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insight therapies
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a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
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client-centered therapy
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a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapists uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitates client's growth
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active listening
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empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.
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unconditional positive regard
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a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
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behavior therapy
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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
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counterconditioning
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a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
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exposure therapies
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behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.
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systematic desensitization
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a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
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virtual reality exposure therapy
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an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
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aversive conditioning
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a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
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token economy
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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
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cognitive therapy
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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
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rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
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a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
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cognitive-behavioral therapy
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a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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group therapy
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therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction
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family therapy
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therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behavior as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.
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meta-analysis
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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
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evidence based practice
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clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
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therapeutic alliance
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a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem.
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psychopharmacology
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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
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antipsychotic drugs
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drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
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antianxiety drugs
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drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
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antidepressant drugs
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drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
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the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
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psychosurgery
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surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
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lobotomy
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a psychosurgical procedure once used to claim uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
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resilience
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the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
