World Geography Unit 3 Latin America Vocabulary Review – Flashcards
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cordillera
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parallel chains or ranges of mountains
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altiplano
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Spanish for "high plain," a region in Peru and Bolivia encircled by the Andes peaks
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escarpement
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steep cliff or slope between a higher and loer land surface
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llano
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fertile plains in inland areas of Colombia and Venezuela
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pampas
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grassy, treeless plains of southern South America
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gauchos
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the cowhands of Argentina and Uruguay
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hydroelectric power
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electrical energy generated by falling water
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estuary
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an area where the tide meets a river current
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canopy
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top layer of a rain forest, where the tops of tall trees form a continuous layer of leaves
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tierra caliente
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Spanish term for " hot land"; the lowest altitude zone of Latin American highlands climates
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tierra templada
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Spanish term for "temperate land"; the middle altitude zone for Latin American highlands climates
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tierra fria
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Spanish term for "cold land"; the highest altitude zone of Latin American highlands climates
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indigenous
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native to a place
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dialect
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local form of language used in a particular place or by a certain group
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patois
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dialects that blend elements of indigenous, European, African, and Asian languages
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urbinization
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the movement of people from rural areas into cities
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megacity
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a city with more than 10 million people
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primate city
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a city that dominates a country's economy, culture, and government and in which population is concentrated; usually the capital
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glyph
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picture writing carved in a stone
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chinampas
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floating farming islands made by the Aztec
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quipu
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knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records
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conquistador
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Spanish term for "conqueror," referring to soldiers who conquered Native Americans in Latin America
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viceroy
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representative of the Spanish monarch appointed to enforce laws in colonial Latin
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caudillo
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a Latin America political leader from the late 1800s on, often a military dictator
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syncretism
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a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith
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mural
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wall painting
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mosaic
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picture or design made with small pieces of colored stone, glass, shell, or tile
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extended family
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household made up of several general of family members
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malnutrition
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faulty or inadequete nutrition
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futbol
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Spanish term for soccer
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jai alai
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traditional handball-type game popular with Mexicans and Cubans
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export
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commodities sent fom one country to another for purposes of trade
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campesinos
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a farm worker; generally, people live and work in rural areas
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latifundia
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in Latin America, large agricultural estates owned by families or corporations
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minifundia
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in Latin America, small farms that produce food chiefly for family use
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cash crop
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farm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family
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developing country
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country in the process of becoming industrialized
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service industry
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business that provides a service instead of making goods
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maquiladoras
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in Mexico, manufacturing plants set up by foreign firms
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North American Free Trade (NAFTA)
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trade agreement made in 1994 by Canada, the United States, and Mexico
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sustainable development
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technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and natural resources of a given area
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deforestation
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the loss or destruction of forest, mainly for logging or farming
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slash-and-burn (farming)
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traditional farming method in which all tress and plants in an area are cut and burned to add nutrients to the soil
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reforestation
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replanting young trees or seeds on lands where trees have been cut or destroyed
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shantytown
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makeshift communities on the edges of cities
