question

LAYERS OF SKIN

answer

Epidermis - 5 layers formed by mitosis
Dermis - Papillary Layer & Reticular Layer -- VITAL
Hypodermis - Loose connective adipose

question

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

answer

Abcesses - Localized collection of pus - superficial pustules, pimples, furuncles, boils, carbuncles, pyogenic groups of hair follicles, deep skin abcesses
Spreading Infections - Can be limited to epidermis or can involve subcutaneous fat
Necrotizing Infections - Death of infected tissue - flesh eating bacteria

question

STAPHLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
-bacterial -
-Staph-

answer

Most common bacterial skin infections
Part of normal flora
Do not cause harm unless there is a break in skin

question

FURUNCLES (BOILS)
-bacterial -
-Staph-

answer

Causitive Agent - Staphloccus aureus
Hot Tub exposure to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa & Pseudomonas Folliculitis
Occure in hair follicles - face, neck, butt, thighs, armpit

question

CELLULITIS
-bacterial -
-Staph-

answer

Acute infection of dermis / subcutaneous
Caused by S. Aureus, Streptcocci
Redness, swelling, warmth,pain, tenderness
Systemic anitbiotics, cold compress, analgesics are needed
Most common - lower legs, arms, hands

question

IMPETIGO (PYODERMA)
-bacterial -
-Staph-

answer

Superficial infection limited to epidermis
Common in kids, but not limited
Cause: S. aureus and group B. streptocci in children
Passed via contact sports and vectors
Treatment: Topical, oral antibiotics, hygiene

question

STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

answer

Usually secondary infection
Glomerulonephritis can occur due to antibiotic treatment

question

ERYSIPELAS
-bacterial-
-strep-

answer

Acute Infection
Caused by Group A Strep
Used to only infect face, but now affects legs as well
Breakouts have raised edge and sharp borders

question

ACUTE NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
-bacterial-
strep

answer

Flesh eating bacteria
Uncommon infection in deeper tissue
Aerobic and Anerobic bacteria present
Necrosis due to virulent strain of S. Pyogenes (GRAM POSITIVE GROUP A STREP)

question

ACNE
-bacterial-
strep

answer

Cause: Propionibacterium acnes
Lives in fatty acids secreted by sebacous glands - skin oil
Adolescents mostly effected
Tetracycline-resistant P. acnes becoming common

question

LEPROSY
-bacterial-
strep

answer

HANSONS DISEASE
Mycobacterium leprae
Infected many but now limited throughout the world
Not very contagious
Skin, mucus membrane, nerves
Overcrowding and poor hygiene thought to be the cause

question

VIRAL INFECTIONS

answer

Most common cause of acute infections not requiring hospitalizations
Some via skin, some via insect bite
Few via animal bite, needles, transfusion, acupuncture
Some viruses can enter via resp tract and infect skin - measles, rubella, chicken-pox

question

WARTS
-viral-

answer

Caused by HPV
Mostly on hands and feet
Direct Contact, Fomites, Autoinoculation
Treatment - Salicyic and lactic acid, freezing with nitrogen, electrodesiccation, laser surgery

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HERPES SIMPLEX
-virus-

answer

Painful watery blisters
Skin, mucous membranes, lips, genitals
HSV1-Fever blister on lips and mouth
HSV2 - Genital herpes
Can remain dormant and activate with uv, xray,heat, cold, stress, hormones
Treatments reduce duration - CAN NOT BE CURED

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VARICELLA-ZOSTER
-virus-

answer

Form of herpes
Manifest as chicken pox
When contracted later in life, get herpes zoster "SHINGLES"
Transmission: Resp droplets or secretions
Can be latent and reactivate replicating along neural pathways causing rash along dermatome

question

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
-virus-

answer

Caused by POXVIRUS
Raised pearl like papules or nodules on skin
More common in children
Contagious and spread via direct contact including fomites and sexual contact
Can NOT infect palms or soles of feet

question

ROSEOLA INFANTUM
-virus-

answer

SIXTHS DISEASE
HHV-6 HHV-7 self limiting disease in children 6m-2y
High grade fever 102-104 for 3-5 days followed by a skin rash starting on trunk spreading to limbs

question

SMALLPOX
-virus-

answer

Acute contagious disease
Caused by VARILA VIRUS which is part of ORTHOPOXVIRUS family
One of the most devastating diseases of all time
Transmit: person to person via contact with skin lesions or secretions of resp tract
1967 WHO eradicated smallpox with vaccine from Edward Jenner. By 1979 smallpox was nearly gone

question

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

answer

Classified as Mycoses and are generally parasites that can present mild infections. When the immune system is compromised however, fungal infections can be very serious!!
Live off living or dead organic matter
Many fungi live on damp surfaces - public showers and locker rooms

question

TINEAS
-fungal-

answer

RINGWORM
Superficial infection affecting skin, nails and hair
Named on body part infected
Live off dead epidermis for food
DERMATOPHYTES most common form

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TINEA CAPITIS
-fungal-

answer

Infection of the scalp - CRADLE CAP
Bald patches due to destruction of hail follicles
Common in school aged children
Microsporum Canis - from cats and dogs
Trichophyton Tonsurans - from humans
Oral anti fungals for treatment

question

TINEA CORPORIS
fungal

answer

Can affect the body anywhere
Contagious by shower mats, walls, pools
Can present symptoms of ringworm and burning

question

TINEA VERSICOLOR
-fungal-

answer

Is NOT contagious
Comes in form on yeast rather than fungal
Caused by Malassezia furfur / pityrosporum ovale
Skin may be uneven in color for several weeks

question

TINEA CRURIS
-fungal-

answer

JOCK ITCH
Mainly in men
Caused by friction of clothing, moisture, sweat
Transmitted: Skin to skin contact or jock strap

question

TINEA UNGUIUM
-fungal-

answer

Called ONYCHOMYCOSIS
Infects mostly toenails
Can be caused by untreated fungal infections
At risk: Diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, artificial nails, close fitting rubber foot wear, older women
Difficult to cure and may return

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TINEA PEDIS
-fungal-

answer

ATHLETES FOOT
Thrives in warm, humid enviornments
Caused by TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM
Most common of tinea infections
Contagious - direct contact or fomites

question

CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
-fungal-

answer

Caused by yeast (Candida albicans - common form of diaper rash)
Normal flora- oral, genital and large intestine
Infectious when immunocompromised
Diabetes, obesity, antibiotics and rubber gloves cause increased risk

question

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

answer

Fungal disease that penetrates dermis or deeper layers after trauma
Mainly in the tropics

question

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSES
-sub-q fungal-

answer

Limited mostly to subcutaneous tissue
Localized fungal infections
Mainly in lower extremities
Bone, muscle and tendon often involved
Often caused by thorns and splinters
Antibiotics may cause secondary bacterial infections

question

MYCETOMAS
-sub-q fungal-

answer

Chronic infection
Occurs at site of injury and gets into deeper tissue
Presents as subcutaneous nodule
May be caused by actinomycetes which are bacteria that form filaments
Found in soik and plants in tropics
Often associated with injuries of feet
May require amputation

question

SPOROTRICHOSIS
-sub-q fungal-

answer

Caused by SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
Soil, plant material
Thorns, barbs, pine needles
Noncontagious - presents as painless bumps resembling insect bite

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