Microbiology ch5 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| T/F The distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane of eukaryotes is symmetrical. |
answer
| False |
question
| T/F Like prokaryotic cells, most eukaryotic cells have an external cell wall. |
answer
| False |
question
| T/F Lysosomes maintain an acidic environment by actively pumping protons into their interior. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F The endoplasmic reticulum is mostly devoid of ribosomes (smooth) when cells are producing large quantities of lipid. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F Coated pits containing clathrin do not permit concentration of ingested macromolecules prior to endocytosis. |
answer
| False |
question
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with many ribosomes attached is called __________ ER, whereas endoplasmic reticulum that is mostly devoid of ribosomes is called __________ ER. |
answer
| rough, smooth |
question
| Ribosomes synthesizing proteins that are to be excreted are located on the __________. |
answer
| endoplasmic reticulum |
question
| T/F The membrane bound structure that contains the chromosomes of eukaryotes is called the nucleus. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F Although similar in function, the eukaryotic ribosome is generally smaller and more complex than the prokaryotic ribosome. |
answer
| False |
question
| T/F The nucleolus is a highly active region of the nucleus that is required for synthesis of ribosomes. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F Chloroplasts are the site for both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F The majority of mitochondrial proteins are manufactured under the direction of the nuclear DNA by cytoplasmic ribosomes. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F Electron transport reactions that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotes take place on the inner membrane of that structure. |
answer
| True |
question
| The inner membrane system of chloroplasts consists of flattened sacs called __________ that form stacks called __________. |
answer
| thylakoids, grana |
question
| Long filaments containing microtubules and used for cellular locomotion are called __________ whereas short fibers containing microtubules and used for cellular locomotion are called __________. |
answer
| flagella, cilia |
question
| Cilia beat with two distinctive phases. With the __________ stroke, they stroke like an oar, thereby propelling the organism through the water. With the __________ stroke, cilia bend along their length while they are pulled forward. |
answer
| effective, recovery |
question
| Eukaryotic ribosomes may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the __________ __________. |
answer
| endoplasmic reticulum |
question
| T/F The genetic code is expressed differently in bacterial and archaeal cells than in eukaryotic cells. |
answer
| False |
question
| The __________ is a complex structure or set of structures lying beneath the plasma membrane of many protozoa and some algae, which serves as a supportive mechanism for these cells. |
answer
| pellicle |
question
| T/F The major difference between the vacuoles of eukaryotes and the inclusion bodies of prokaryotes is that the former are membrane-bound whereas the latter are not. |
answer
| True |
question
| T/F Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome for the storage of genetic information. |
answer
| True |
question
| Membrane delimited intracellular structures that perform specific functions in cells are called A. organelles.? B. organs.? C. tissues. ?D. systomis. |
answer
| A |
question
| The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following except ?A. phosphoglycerides.B. sphingolipids.C. sterols.D. peptidoglycan. |
answer
| D |
question
| Microdomains in eukaryotic plasma membranes can participate in ?A. cell movement.?B. cell division.?C. signal transduction.?D. all of these. |
answer
| D |
question
| The liquid component of the cytoplasm is known as the A. thylakoid.?B. cytosol.?C. cytoskeleton.?D. stroma. |
answer
| B |
question
| Protein filaments with a diameter of 4–7 nm that play a role in cell movement and shape change are called A. microtubules.B. microfilaments.C. intermediate filaments.D. mycelia. |
answer
| B |
question
| Protein filaments with a diameter of about 10 nm that are major components of the cytoskeleton are called A. microtubules.?B. microfilaments.?C. intermediate filaments.?D. mycelia. |
answer
| C |
question
| A filamentous organelle comprised of tubulins with a diameter of 25 nm is called ?A. microtubule.B. microfilament.C. intermediate filament.D. mycelia. |
answer
| A |
question
| The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of flattened sacs called A. thylakoids.?B. cristae.?C. cisternae.?D. vacuomes. |
answer
| C |
question
| The process by which a cell imports large particles by enclosing them in vesicles pinched off from the plasma membrane is called A. exocytosis.?B. phagocytosis.?C. pinocytosis.?D. nutrient cytosis. |
answer
| B |
question
| The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the A. the assembly of ribosomes.? B. packaging of materials for excretion.? C. formation of mesosomes.? D. replication of chromosomes. |
answer
| B |
question
| A lysosome containing undigested material is called ?A. a phagosome.? B. an endosome.? C. a residual body.? D. a coated vesicle. |
answer
| C |
question
| Which of the following organelles is involved in the modification, packaging, and secretion of materials? ?A. Lysosomes ?B. Golgi apparatus ?C. Mitochondria?D. Centrioles |
answer
| B |
question
| Enzymes needed to digest all types of macromolecules are found in ?A. lysosomes.?B. Golgi apparatus.?C. mitochondria.?D. centrioles. |
answer
| A |
question
| Proteins are synthesized on structures called ?A. mesosomes.?B. lysosomes.?C. ribosomes.?D. chromosomes. |
answer
| C |
question
| The major site of cell membrane synthesis is the ?A. nucleus.?B. plasma membrane.?C. lysosome.?D. endoplasmic reticulum. |
answer
| D |
question
| Which of the following parts of the Golgi complex receives materials from the ER? ?A. Cis face.B. Trans face.C. Cisternal edges.D. None of these are correct. |
answer
| A |
question
| Receptor mediated endocytosis A. depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off.?B. is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol.C. involves formation of caveolae that are enriched in cholesterol and caveolin.?D. is typically used to internalize plasma membranes added by exocytosis.E. depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off and is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol. |
answer
| E |
question
| The Golgi apparatus is comprised of flattened, saclike structures called __________, which may be clustered in one region or scattered throughout the cell. A. cristae? B. thylakoids ?C. cisternae? D. vesiculae |
answer
| C |
question
| Stacks of cisternae in the Golgi apparatus are referred to as A. stigmata.?B. golgisomes.?C. dictyosomes.?D. lamellisomes. |
answer
| C |
question
| The nucleolar organizer is a part of a specific chromosome that directs the synthesis of ?A. transfer RNA (tRNA).B. ribosomal RNA (rRNA). ?C. messenger RNA (mRNA). ?D. heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). |
answer
| B |
question
| A (n) __________ is a special type of lysosome used by a cell to selectively digest and recycle cytoplasmic contents, such as mitochondria. ?A. suicide vacuole ?B. turnover lysosomeC. recycling vacuoleD. autophagosome |
answer
| D |
question
| The nucleolus plays a major role in synthesis of A. mRNA.? B. tRNA.? C. rRNA.? D. transcription activation proteins. |
answer
| C |
question
| Which of the following is a function of the mitochondrion? A. Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme reactions.B. Electron transport.C. ATP synthesis. ?D. All of the choices. |
answer
| D |
question
| The organelle responsible for harvesting light as an energy source for photosynthesis is the A. kinetoplast.?B. centriole.?C. chloroplast.?D. mitochondrion. |
answer
| C |
question
| The enzymes and electron carriers involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are located in the __________ membrane of the mitochondrion. A. inner? B. outer? C. inner and outer? D. neither inner nor outer |
answer
| A |
question
| The formation of carbohydrate (CO2 fixation) in the dark reaction of photosynthesis, takes place in the A. stroma.?B. cytoplasm.?C. thylakoid membrane.?D. nucleus. |
answer
| A |
question
| The light reactions of photosynthesis, which form ATP and NADPH, take place in the A. stroma. ?B. cytoplasm.C. thylakoid membrane. ?D. nucleus. |
answer
| C |
question
| Construction of flagella and/or cilia is directed by the A. axoneme.? B. tubulin. ?C. centriole.? D. basal body. |
answer
| D |
question
| An arrangement of microtubules located in the matrix of cilia and flagella is called the __________. A. axial bundle? B. axial filament? C. axoneme? D. axillary tubule |
answer
| C |
question
| Flimmer filaments A. permit flagella to pull rather than push the cell.B. function to move cells on solid surfaces.C. are components of all eucaryotic flagella.D. None of the choices are true |
answer
| A |
question
| Which of the following is useful in distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. The use of DNA for the storage of genetic information.?B. The presence of ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins.?C. The presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm.D. All of the choices. |
answer
| C |
