Microbio Final Test Questions – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| 4 Types of Infections of the Blood |
1. fungamia 2. bacteremia 3.viremia 4.parasitemia |
| Pathogenic organism growing in the blood can lead to? |
| sepsis & septic shock |
| What can also be caused by pathogens growing inside or outside of intravenous devices? |
| bacteremia and fungemia |
| What complications can arise from infectious endocarditis? |
1. risk of congestive heart failure 2. rupture the chordae tendinae 3. kidney damage (blood in urine) 4. perforation of the valves |
| What can be the cause of sepsis and septic shock? |
1. gram+ bacteria 2. gram- bacteria 3.fungi 4.protozoa 5.viruses |
| Bacterial Infections of the blood? |
1. plague: yersinia pestis 2. brucellosis: brucella 3. lyme disease: borrelia burgdorferi
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| Rickettsial infections of the blood? |
1. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: rickettsia rickettsii 2. Epidemic typhus: rickettsia prowazekii 3. Endemic typhus: rickettsia typhi
|
| Viral Infections of the blood? |
1. cytomegalovirus 2. arboviruses 3. epstein-barr virus 4. filovirus (ebola & marburg) |
| The plage is caused by what bacteria? |
| yersinia pestis |
| How is the plague transmitted? |
| vector |
| How does the plague spread? |
| from lymph nodes to blood (from there possibly to lungs) |
| Brucellosis is caused by what bacteria? |
| brucella |
| what kind of infection is brucellosis? |
| zoonotic infection |
| what part of the body does brucellosis affect? |
| reproductive tract |
| how does brucellosis enter the body? |
1.through cuts in the skin 2. contact with mucous membrane 3. inhalation 4. ingestion |
| is brucellosis a chronic or acute illness? |
| chronic |
| how long can brucellosis last? |
| for weeks or months |
| what does brucellosis cause? |
1. fever 2. night sweats 3. weight loss |
| what is lyme disease transmitted by? |
| ixodes ticks |
| what is lyme disease caused by? |
| borrelia burgdofefi |
| is borrelia burgdorferi gram negative or gram positive? |
| gram negative |
| what disease does borrelia bugdorferi cause? |
| lyme disease |
| what animals does borrelia burgdorferi involve? |
1. ticks 2. mice 3. deer |
| Acute lyme disease can be characterized by? |
1. fever 2. migratory bulls-ey rash 3. muscular joint pain 4. often meningeal irritation
|
| true or false do rickettsia have characteristics of both bacteria and viruses? |
| true |
| rickettsia are what shape? |
| coccobacilli |
| how do rickettsia divide? |
| binary fusion |
| what is the most common rickettsial infection? |
| rocky mountain spotted fever |
| rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by bacteria? |
| rickettsia rickettsii |
| what is epidemic typhus characterized by? |
1. fever 2. rash 3. muscle aches |
| what is epidemic typhus caused by? |
| rickettsia prowazekii |
| what is endemic typhus caused by? |
| rickettsia typhi |
| primary infection of endemic typhus is? |
| rodent to rodent |
| what are some symptoms of endemic typhus? |
1. headache 2. muscle aches 3. fever 4. maculopapular rash forms |
| cytomegalovirus is? |
| a herpes viral genus of the herpesvirus group |
| arboviruses are? |
| a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors |
| arboviruses infections in the blood are classified as? |
| fever infections |
| dengue and yellow fever are both what type of virus? |
| arbovirus |
| what do dengue and yellow fever attack? |
| the liver |
| the epstein-barr virus is? |
| human herpes virus |
| ebola and marburg are both what type of viruses? |
| filoviruses |
| true or false ebola virus is very contagious? |
| true |
| what is marburg virus mortality rate? |
| 25% |
| what causes hemorrhaging in the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs |
| ebola and marburg virus |
| Gas gangrene is caused by what bacteria? |
| clostridium pefringens |
| the CNS consists of the? |
| brain and the spinal cord |
| CNS infections can be caused by? |
1. normal bacterial flora 2. pathogens acquired through ngestion 3. pathogens acquired during the birthing process 4. contamination of shunts |
| Purulent meningitis is? |
| infection of the meninges |
| Purulent meningitis is characterized by? |
1. fever 2. irritability 3. various degress of neurological dysfunction |
| Chronic meningitis is usually caused by? |
mycobacterium tuberculosis fungi or protozoan parasites |
| chronic meningitis is characterized by? |
fever headache stiff neck and back nausea vomiting |
| Ecephalitis |
| involves seizures, paralysis, or defective mental faculties |
| Poliomyelitis is ? |
| infection which destroys cells associated with the anterior portion of the spinal cord and brain stem |
| what does poliomyelitis cause? |
weakness or paralysis of muscle groups respiratory difficulties |
| poliomyelitis is characterized by? |
| asymmetrical paralysis |
| acute poliomyelitis is? |
| inflammatory infection of the peripheral nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system consists of? |
| nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and the spinal cord |
| acute poliomyelitis is characterized by? |
| symmetrical paralysis |
| acute poliomyelitis can be caused by? |
1. diphtheria toxin 2. enteric pahtogens 3. cytomegalovirus 4. esptein-barr virus |
| acute meningitis usually caused by? |
h. influenzae n. meningitidis s. pneumoniae |
| a vaccine is available to protect against h. influenzae (acute meningitis) |
| yes |
| what bacteria are often involved in meningitis in newborns? |
| group b streptococci and e.coli |
| what are the common pathogens of the CNS? |
1. Purulent meningitis 2. chronic meningitis 3. encephalitis 4. poliomyelitis 5. tetanus: colstridium tetani 6. botulism: clostridium botulinum 7. acute poliomyelitis |
| most common viral causes of acute CNS infections? |
enterovirus herpes simplex virus HIV Epstein- Barr virus also several arthropod viruses |
| tetanus is caused by? |
| clostridium tetani |
| botulism is caused by? |
| clostridium botulinum |
| clostridium botulinum is found naturally in? |
| soil and sediments of ponds and lakes |
| What are rabies? |
| an acute and fatal viral CNS infection |
| what is the mortality rate for rabies? |
| 90% |
| polio is what kind of virus? |
| enterovirus |
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is also called |
| mad cow disease |
| when was BSE first identified? |
| 1986 |
| BSE infection in humans is called what? |
| Creutzfeld-Jacod disease (vCJD) |
| what is the most important fungal CNS infection |
| cryptococcosis |
| cryptococcosis is caused by? |
| cryptococcus neoformans |
