MCB Chapter 12 Cards – Flashcards
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| hydrogenosome |
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| carries out anaerobic redox reaction to produce H2 and acetate seen in anaerobic eukaryotic microbes |
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| kinetoplast |
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| independently replicating disk-shaped mass of circular mitochondrial DNA found inside large mitochondria seen only in kinetoplastea protozoa associated with basal body of flagella |
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| chloroplasts |
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| organelles of photosynthesis in plants/algae dual membrane 70S ribosomes w/in eukaryotic cell photosynthetic |
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| metaphase 1 of meiosis |
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| chromosomes line up on mid-cell plate in tetrads for each homologous chromosome pair, one is attached to each opposite pole |
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| telophase of mitosis |
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| membranes form around daughter nuclei and DNA becomes less compact cell division occurs here |
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| mitosis prophase |
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| DNA replicated DNA condenses into visible chromosomes nuclear membrane breaks down |
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| mitosis anaphase |
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| chromosomes break into 2 identical chromatids pulled to opposite poles |
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| meiosis anaphase 1 |
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| tetrads break up homologous chromosomes are seperated, move to opp poles forms 2 haploid nuclear regions |
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| mitosis metaphase |
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| chromosomes line up on mid-cell plate attaced to spindle fibers to both poles |
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| interphase |
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| time between cell division |
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| mitosis telophase |
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| nuclear membrane reappears around chromosomes cytoplasm divides along the mid cell plate |
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| algae |
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| cell walls composed of cellulose photosynthetic most have mitochondria most are aerobic |
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| euglenophyta |
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| euglena no cell wall thick flexible membrane have flagella |
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| chlorophyta |
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| green algae cell walls are cellulose actually are plants |
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| chrysophyta |
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| diatoms cell walls contain glass-like silicates golden-brown color |
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| pyrrophyta |
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| dinoflagellates 2 flagella produce toxins cause red tide |
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| rhodophyta |
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| red algae sea weed source of agar |
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| phaeophyta |
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| brown algae sea weed |
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| fungi |
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| cell walls of chitin membranes contain ergosterol most degrade dead plant matter have mitochondria can reproduce not photosynthetic chemoheterotrophs |
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| conidiospores |
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| fungus asexual break off from end of hypha |
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| sporangiospores |
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| asexual spores develop in a sac |
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| ascospores |
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| sexual spores develop in a sac produced by meiosis |
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| basidiospores |
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| club-shaped cells found on gills of mushrooms and toadstools develops from dikaryotic mycelium |
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| zymcota |
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| molds like rhizopus reproduce asexually by sporangiospores |
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| lichens |
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| community of microorganisms forms from symbiosis between fungus and green algae/cyanobacteria |
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| saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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| yeast used to make beer grows fastest in presence of air carries out alcohol fermentation in absence of air |
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| candida albicans |
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| yeast normal flora of human gut overgrowth causes thrush does not make ascospores |
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| penicillum chrysogenum |
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| mold used to produce penicillin grows fastest on glucose produces asexual conidiospores |
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| phytophora infestans |
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water mold plant pathogen not actually fungus caused Great Irish Potato blight |
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| aspergillus flavus |
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| mold causes black smut on rotting grains linked to liver cancer produces asexual conidiospores |
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| claviceps purpurea |
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| produces hallucinogenic toxin--ergot mold causes rust on rye and other grains |
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| histoplasma capsulatum |
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| Spelunkers' Disease/Ohio Valley Fevere dimorphic fungus can spread from lungs to other organs contracted by inhalation of spores |
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| coccidiodies immetis |
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| San Joaquin Valley Fever dimorphic fungus can spread from lungs and go systemic |
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| trichophyton rubrum |
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| cause of dermatophytosis (Athlete's foot) mold can cause other topical infections |
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| dermatophytosis |
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| abnormal condition of having plants growing on skin |
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| pencillum italicum |
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| mold that causes food to rot produces asexual conidiospores grows on rotting citurs fruit does not produce antibiotic generally |
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| blastomyces dermatitidis |
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| infects skin/lungs causes systemic disease called blastomycosis grows on rotting oak logs can be deadly if in lungs |
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| pneumocystis carinii |
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| more than 20,000 cases in 2000 behaves like protozoan antgenically like a fungus treat like bacteria |
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| protozoa |
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| eukaryotic cells no cell wall not photosynthetic sexual and asexual reproduction mitochondria most prefer aerobic conditions |
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| giardia lamblia |
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| fecal-oral pathogen flagella no mitochonddria causes persistent diarrhea diplomonad |
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| trichomonas vaginalis |
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| 1 nucleus parabasal body flagella causes vaginitis have hydrogenosomes transmitted sexually ex. of trichomonads |
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| naeglaria |
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| ex. of amoeboflagellates one nucleus 1 stage has flagella causes uncommon meningitis have mitochondria have 3 stages found in warm bodies of fresh water |
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| entamoeba histolytica |
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| causative agent of amoebic dysentery fecal-oral kills epithelial cells pseudopod from entamoebids group |
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| ciliphora |
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| free living eat bacteria and algae large usually 2 nuclei cigar shaped use cilia |
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| balantidium coli |
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| type of ciliphora 2 nuclei fecal-oral causes dysentery motile by cilia |
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| trypanosomes |
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| flagella tend to be cigar-shaped have kinetoplasts cause blood diseases, transmitted by insects |
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| trypanosoma brucei |
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| flexible membrane flagella kinetoplast causes African sleeping sickness transmitted by tetse fly can treat with arsenic |
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| trypanosoma cruzi |
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| transmitted by bugs in Triatomine family causes Chaga's disease has kinetoplasts presents localized swelling at site of entry |
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| plasmodium falciparum |
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| lack flagella and cilia cause malaria from apicomplexa group of protozoa has merozoite stage |
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| cryptosporidum parvum |
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| water-borne fecal-oral member of apicomplexa |
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| toxoplasma gondii |
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| common in cats non-motile in apicomplexa cysts can be inhaled by humans |
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| apicomplexa |
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| well developed sexual cycles apical complex attaches to host cells |
