MCB Chapter 11 Cards – Flashcards
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| bacillus |
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| rod shaped |
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| coccus |
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| round berry shape |
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| vibrio |
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| bent rod |
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| sprillium |
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| thick helical shape |
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| spirochete |
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| very skinny helical shape |
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| coccobacillus |
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| somewhere between rod and round |
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| strepto |
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| chains |
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| staphylo |
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| bunch |
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| tetrads |
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| groups of 4 |
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| sarcina |
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| groups of 8 |
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| diplo |
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| 2 |
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| palisades |
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| V-shaped |
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| gram positive |
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| thick layers of peptidoglycan |
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| gram negative |
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| thing layer of peptidoglycan, covered by outer membrane |
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| Hyperthermophiles |
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| grow at temps over 80 degrees C |
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| sulfolobus |
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| grows best at 75 degrees C at ph 2.5, obligate aerobe |
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| pyrodictum |
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| grows best at 105 C, ph 6, anerobe |
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| methanogens |
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| obligate anaerobes that produce methane |
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| halophiles |
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| grow best in more than 9% NaCl |
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| Aquificaeles |
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| found in hot mineral springs hyperthermophyllic chemoautotrophic |
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| deinococcous |
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| found in fermi lab resistant to radiation have outer membrane |
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| cyanobacteria |
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| have chlorophylls similar to plants fix CO2 to make sugar produce O2 as waste product |
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| clostridium |
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| anaerobic produce heat-resistant endospores wide variety of fermentative pathways can produce and excrete toxins |
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| clostridium botulinum |
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| anaerobic Gram positive neurotoxin common in honey inactivates neurotransmitter-releasing mechanisms |
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| clostridium tetani |
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| anaerobic produces rigid paralysis likes deep, soil contaminated wounds |
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| systemic infection |
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| spreads throughout the entire body |
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| clostridium perfringens |
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| spores common in soil wound infection causes gas gangrene produces necrotizing tissues found in soil, animal feces, meat and poultry |
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| clostridium diffiile |
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| found in low numbers in human gut resistant to antibiotics causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea |
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| colitis |
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| inflammation of intestines caused by C.diff |
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| bacillus bacteria |
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| aerobes/ facultative heat resistant endospores |
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| inhalation anthrax |
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| initially has flu like symtpoms very high mortality rates |
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| cutaneous anthrax |
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| infects minor wounds necrotic effects on surrounding tissues AKA: wool sorter's disease |
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| bacillus stearothermophilus |
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| thermophile involved in hay spoilage and barn fires |
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| bacillus thuringiensis |
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| produces toxin that kills insects but not mammals used as organic insecticide |
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| bacillus licheniformis |
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| synthesizes bacitacin common soil bacterium capable of reducing nitrate source of antibiotic bacitracin |
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| mycoplasma/ ureoplasma |
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| .2-.8 microns lack cell walls can be grown in acellular cultures contain ergesterol (from fungus) |
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| mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumonia) |
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aerobic forms capsule no rigid cell wall tiny coccobacillus nasal secretions treated with erythromycin |
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| ureaplasma urealyticum |
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| coccobaccillus stains Gram negative causes low sperm count and miscarraige |
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| listeria |
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| intracellular parasite that moves between hosts directly does not go through blood associated w/ contaminated milk |
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| lactobacillus bulgaricus |
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| gram positive non-spore forming rods ferment sugar to produce lactic acid used in cheese and yogurt production |
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| lactobacillus acidophilus |
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| used to make sweet acidophilus milk helps restore normal intestinal microflora |
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| streptococcus |
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| gram positive, round chain often form capsules catalase negative non-spore forming |
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| streptococcus pyogenes |
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| group A strep beta hemolytic impetego happens erysipelas happens necrotizing fasciitis |
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| streptococcal pharyngitis |
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| inflammation of throat caused by beta-hemoytic stretpococci petechiae |
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| streptococcus pyogenes |
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| chills & fever nausea & vomiting red, swollen throat white patches may appear on tonsils & throat |
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| glomerluonephritis |
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| makes antibodies that attack tissues in kidneys |
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| streptococcus pneumonia |
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| gram-positive 1-3 day incubation period causes inflammation of lungs normally found in upper respiratory tract |
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| pneumonococcal pneumonia |
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| most severe inflammation of lungs acute, swift infection of lungs fevers, chills, fluid infiltration bloody sputum alveoli are damaged |
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| meningitis |
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| flulike symptoms, achy, headache, stiffness of neck and back, inability to touch chin to chest, petechiae |
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| pneumococcal meningitis |
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| caused by s. pneumoniae gram pos. coccus normal flora for a lot of people (can be benign) cochlear implants increase risk |
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| enterococcus |
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| gram-pos cocci comes in pairs or short chains lactic acid fermentation natural habit is large intestine typically treated w/ vancomycin |
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| staphylococcus epidermis |
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| normal flora of skin contributes to body odor can be opportunistic pathogen break down lipids |
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| staphylococcus aureus |
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| 85% of people have it in nostrils spreads by droplets & fomites non-spore forming in grape-like clusters catalase positive yellow or orange associated with impetego |
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| s. aureus |
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| coagulase staphylokinase lipase polysaccharide slime layer protein A on cell surface cytolytic toxins leukocidin |
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| s. epidermidis |
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| lipase polysaccharide slime layer |
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| staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome |
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| exfoliative disease mainly in kids treat with penicilin or vancomycin |
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| corynebacterium |
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| non-spore forming rods arranged in V-shaped palisades |
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| C. diptheria |
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| infects throat excretes toxin that inactivates 80S ribosomes kills ability to make new proteins makes curtain of dead tissue that hangs down back of throat strangler's disease rod-shaped |
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| propionibacterium acnes |
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| gram-positive r0d-shaped, non-spore anaerobic found growing on sebum w/ sebaceous glands of skin excessive oil formation increases bacterial growth |
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| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| causes chronic lung infection grow inside phagolysosomes irregular rod positive in acid-fast stain cell contains wax-like hydrophobic compounds |
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| mycobacterium leprae |
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| acid-fast rod bacteria multiply in Schwann cells nerve damage leads to loss of sensation linked to poor nutrition and immunodeficiency |
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| streptomycin griseus |
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| makes streptomycin (aminoglycoside) spores form at tips of mature filaments common scab on potatoes caused by this |
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| alphaproteobacteria |
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| azospirillum rhizobium agrobacterium purple non-sulfur brucella rickettsia |
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| betaproteobacteria |
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| nitrosomonas neisseria bordetella burkholderia thiobacillus spirillum |
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| gammaproteobacteria |
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| purple sulfur bacteria legionella methane oxidizers pseudomonas azotobacter |
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| deltaproteobacteria |
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| desulfovibrio myxobacteria |
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| epsilonproteobacteria |
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| campylobacter helicobacter |
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| spirochaetes |
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| treponema, borrelia |
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| azospirillum |
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| nitrogen-fixing w/ roots of tropical grasses bacteria colonize surface of grass roots |
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| rhizobium leguminosarum |
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| endosymbiotic nitrogen fixing association w/ roots of legumes colonize plant cells within root nodules |
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| agrobacterium tumefaciens |
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| rod-shaped bacterium infects wounded tissue of dicotylednous plants gram-negative transfers DNA to make genetic modifications creates crown galls |
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| acetobacter; gluconobacter |
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| used to make vinegar incomplete oxidation of acetic acid goes through incomplete respiration |
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| Brucella abortis |
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| parasite of endothelial cells gram-negative no obvious virulence factors well-adapted to living in phagocytes systemic disease can go to uterus and placenta |
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| rickettsia rickettsia |
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| obligate intracellular parasite absorb ATP from host cells transimitted by lice and ticks aka Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever gram-negative |
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| neisseria |
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| bean shaped diplococci gram-negative, but stain is misleading causative agent of gonorrhea |
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| neisseria meningitis |
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| gram-neg diploccous 1-7 day incubation period droplets from infected person aches, fever, petechiae, rash treated with ceftriaxone & chloramphenicol |
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| bordetella pertussis |
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| whooping cough causes build up of puss and swelling of trachea nonmotile coccobacillus |
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| bordetella pertussis |
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| virulence factors: filamentous hemagglutinin pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase dermonectroticitoxin tracheal cytotoxin |
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| nitrosomonas |
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| nitrifying bacterium that converts ammonia to nitrate aerobically |
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| azotobactera; azomonas |
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| bacteria form nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plant roots |
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| psuedomonas |
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| respiratory metabolism ender-doudernorf pathway can't survive without ETC obligate aerobes |
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| enterobacteriaceae |
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| found in mammalian large intestine facultative anaerobes that ferment glucose oxidase negative catalase positive gram negative, nonspore forming rods |
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| E. coli |
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| rod-shaped inhabitant of mammalian large intestine indicator organism for fecal contamination leading cause of bladder infections fecal/oral route |
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| salmonella typhi |
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| live in bird, reptile and mammal intestines bind to intestinal cells cause nonphagocytic cells to engulf bacteria grow inside endocytic vesicles faculative anaerobe motile by peritrichous flagella can invade the blood system |
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| shigella |
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| causes bloody dysentery not killed by stomach acid causes death of intestinal cells tendency to get into blood |
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| septicemia |
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| multiplication of organisms in blood results from infection that begins elsehere chills, fever, nervousness, rapid breathing |
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| lymphangitis |
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| infection of lymphatic system caused by septicemia |
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| yersinia pestis |
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| causative agent of bubonic plague intestinal infection in fleas in mammals-infection of lymph nodes gram- rod shaped bacteria |
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| vibrio cholera |
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| fecal-oral cycle stick to chitin infectious dose is 1M bacterial cells shaped like bent-rod causes fatal dehydration and loss of electrolytes |
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| haemophilus influenzae |
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| gram- rods droplets common cause of otitis media can cause meningitis symptoms does NOT cause flu |
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| legionella pneumonophila |
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| gram neg rod tolerates heat and chlorination invades freshwater amoebae death is caused by endotoxic shock and kidney failure |
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| gardnerella vaginalis |
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| doesn't form capsules or endospores common cause of bacterial vaginosis produce pore-forming toxin called vaginolysin |
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| campylobacter jejuni |
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| acid tolerant stomach patogen gram negative curved/helical rod-shaped no spores common cause of gastroenteritis associated with undercooked poultry 2-5 day incubation period |
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| h. pylorii |
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| formation of gastric ulcers excretes mucinase to get through stomach wall |
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| chlamydia trachomatis |
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| causes STD transmitted by direct contact causes eye infection trachoma leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease |
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| chlamydia psittaci |
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| tiny bacterium obligate intracellular parasite absorbs ATP from host cell direct contact causes parrot fever associated w/ exposure to infected birds |
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| treponema pallidum |
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| spirochete leading cause of syphillis |
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| syphillis (stage 1) |
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| lesion with hard rim affects genitalia, mouth, fingers, lips, nipples |
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| syphillis (stage 2) |
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| bacteria invade bloodstream and spread through body sore throat, headache, fever, aches, body rash latent phase happens at the end |
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| syphillis (stage 3) |
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| caused by hypersensitive response symptoms: gumma erosion of aorta lesions of nervous system dementia, blindness, paralysis |
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| bacteroidetes |
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| obligate anaerobes majority of normal intestinal microflora |
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| streptococcus mutans |
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| non-spore forming comes in chains found in mouth excretes lactic acid cause of tooth decay becomes mineralized plaque |
