Ap Human Geography Unit 2 Questions And Answers – Flashcards
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Age distribution
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a model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid
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Agricultural density
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The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
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Arithmetic density
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The total number of people divided by the total land area.
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Cairo conference
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A war time conference held at Cairo, Egypt that was attended by FDR, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek. It addressed the Allied position against Japan during WWII and made decisions about postwar Asia.
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Carrying capacity
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Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
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Census
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A complete enumeration of a population.
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Child mortality rate
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A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population
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Contraception
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Birth Control
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Cornucopians
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optimists who question limits-to-growth perspectives and contend that markets effectively maintain a balance between population, resources, and the environment
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Crude death rate
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The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.
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Crude birth rate
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Annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
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Demographic equation
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The formula that calculates population change. The formula finds the increase (or decrease) in a population. The formula is found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration. This is important because it helps to determine which stage in the demographic transition model a country is in.
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Demographic transition
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Change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
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Demography
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Scientific study of human populations.
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Dependency ratio
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The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.
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Doubling time
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The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
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Ecumene
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The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
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Epidemiological transition
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Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
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Infant mortality rate
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A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.
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J-curve
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a growth curve that depicts exponential growth
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Life expectancy
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A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.
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Thomas Malthus
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18th century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.
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Natalism
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a policy or general attitude that encourages population growth, often in the face of limited resources
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Anti-natalism
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Incentives to stop the population from growing
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Neomalthusians
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scholars that continue to share Thomas Malthus's concerns
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Natural increase rate
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The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
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Overpopulation
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A value judgment based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that area's current population.
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Physiological density
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The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
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Population agglomerations
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A cluster of people living in the same area.
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Population pyramids
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A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
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Replacement fertility
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The total fertility rate at which women would have only enough children to replace themselves and their partner.
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S-curve
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a curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an "S"
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Sex ratio
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The number of males per 100 females in the population.
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Total fertility rate
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The number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life
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Zero population growth
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A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
