Geography: Chapter 16-Section 2, Germany – Flashcards
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What was the Berlin Wall and when/why was it made?
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The berlin wall was a 103-mile long wall that was built by communist East Germany in 1961. It was built to keep their citizens from escaping to West Germany.
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When was the berlin wall torn down?
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november 9, 1989
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What happened after Charlemagne's death?
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Germany used to be part of Charlemagne's great Holy Roman Empire, so when he died Germany broke into small independent political units- princes, dukes, and counts all ruled their own domain
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What happened during the 1500s?
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Movement called the Protestant Reformation divided German states even more- the protestants objected to many practices of the Roman Catholic Church, and in the 1600s the Reformation sparked 30 years of warfare between Protestants and Catholics
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What did Prussia do in the late 1700s?
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Prussia led a movement to merge many german states into a single confederation
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What is the Triple-Alliance?
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In 1882, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy joined together to form a military alliance
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What happened from 1914-1918?
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germany, austria-hungary and others fought against france, russia, united kingdom, the US, and other allies in WWI
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What did Germany have to do after they were defeated in the war?
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According to the treaty following the war, Germany had to pay the winners reparations (money for war damages) and as a result, Germany's economy suffered and collapsed in the early 1920s when inflation ruined the value of Germany's currency
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What happened in 1929?
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a worldwide economic depression left millions of germans without jobs
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Who came to power in Germany in the early 1930s?
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Hitler and the Nazi party. Hitler promised to restore Germany's past glory and to improve the economy, and blamed the Jews and others for all of Germany's problems
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What did Germany do in 1939?
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Invaded Polland and WWII began
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When did WWII end?
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April 1945 when Germany was defeated by the Allied countries- USA, UK, france, soviet union
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What happened in 1949?
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Germany was divided into (communist)East and (democratic)West Germany- East was ruled by the Soviet Union and the West was ruled by western leaders
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Why was Germany divided?
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after the war tensions grew between western allies and the soviet union concerning Germany's future, so they just decided to divide it between the two
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How long did Germany stay divided?
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40 years
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What is the climate and why is it that climate?
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generally mild due largely to the influence of the North Sea
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Difference between Southern, Central, and Northern Germany
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the high, craggy mountains in the south into hills, low peaks, and tall plateaus in central Germany flat lands in the North
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What is the climate away from the sea in southern areas?
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a humid continental climate prevails, causing colder winters and warmer summers.
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Physical Characteristics of Northern Germany
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covered by the North Germanic Plain(part of the north european plain) and for hundreds of miles flat, sandy plains spread out until they reach the North and Baltic seas
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Economic activities of the north
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Agriculture, manufacturing and trade
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Hamburg
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Germany's largest port and second-largest city and a leading trade center- built around a harbor where the elbe river flows into the North sea
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Rostock
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East Germany's port on the Baltic Sea
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Berlin
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Germany's capital and largest city- was damaged during WWI and both West and East Germany used lots of money to rebuild the parts of berlin they controlled. Today is very prosperous
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What 2 rivers go through what region of Germany?
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the rhine and the elbe rivers flow through the central parts of Germany (this region is one of the most important industrial centers in the world)
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Why is the Ruhr Valley important?
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There are huge lignite coal deposits near the Ruhr river and with lots of fuel, the Ruhr valley developed into Germany's first industrial center. Today, the Ruhr valley produces most of Germany's iron and steel and it also has important chemical and textile industries
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What cities make up the metropolis
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The large cities of Duisburg, Essen, Bochum, Dortmund and the smaller cities in the area-more than 8 million people live here
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What big industries are in eastern germany?
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steel, machinery, automobiles, and textiles
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frankfurt
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germany's banking center
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heidelburg
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sight of the world-famous university
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Where are the bavarian alps?
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along germany's southern border
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What is the land like in the north?
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the land is less mountainous and more hilly- rhine and danube rivers flow through this land and skiers and hikers enjoy the scenery of the mountains, rivers, and forests-- there is also lots of farming done here
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Munich
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Largest city in southern Germany and is Germany's cultural center
