physical geography exam 1 – wwu – atmosphere and insolation – Flashcards
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planetary albedo
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30
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the ozone absorbs
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3
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SWR lost through diffuse reflection and scattering
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7
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incoming SWR absorbed by clouds
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3
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incoming SWR reflected by clouds
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21
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diffuse SWR absorbed by surface
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20
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incoming SWR reflected by surface
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3
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incoming SWR absorbed by atmospheric gases and dust
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18
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direct SWR absorbed by surface
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25
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total atmospheric insolation heat input
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21
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total surface insolation heat input
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45
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LWR lost through latent heat transfer from surface
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19
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LWR lost through convective heat transfer from surface
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4
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LWR radiated from surface
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110
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LWR reradiated from atmosphere to surface (greenhouse effect)
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96
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LWR lost directly to space
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8
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LWR radiated by ozone back to space
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3
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Total LWR radiated to space by the planet
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69
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Solar constant
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1372 ± 5 W/m²
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approximate diameter of Earth
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12,700 km
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Normal lapse rate (°F)
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3.5 °F per 1000ft
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Normal lapse rate (°C)
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6.4 °C per 1000m
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Approximate height of tropopause
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16 km
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Fog formed by air cooling as it moves over water
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advection fog
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Fog formed in valleys or low areas
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radiation fog
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Latitude of poles
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90°
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latitude of high latitudes
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55° - 90°
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latitude of polar latitudes
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80° - 90°
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latitude of midlatitudes
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35° - 55°
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latitude of subtropics
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23.5° - 35°
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latitude of tropic lines
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23.5°
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latitude of equatorial region
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0° - 10°
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scale of map with lots of detail
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large scale
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scale of map with little detail
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small scale
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definition of physical geography
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study of the processes, forms, and spatial components of the natural systems at or near the surface of the Earth
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4 types of uplift: (alphabetical order)
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Convective, convergent, frontal, orthographic
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concentration of nitrogen gas in atmosphere
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78%
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concentration of oxygen gas in atmosphere
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21%
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concentration of argon gas in atmosphere
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1%
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concentration of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere
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0.0402%
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concentration of water vapor in atmosphere
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0-4%
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position in Earth's orbit when closest to sun
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perihelion
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position in Earth's orbit when farthest from sun
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aphelion
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Percentage of atmospheric mass contained in troposphere
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90%
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Why is the atmosphere thicker at the equator?
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centrifugal force, also hot air takes up more space
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Where is the origin point for lat/long?
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Gulf of Guinea
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Month of the spring equinox
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March
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Month of the fall equinox
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September
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Latitudinal zone characterized by distinct summers and winters
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Midlatitudes
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term for the latitude of the subsolar point
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declination
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layers in the atmosphere are defined by
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temperature
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how is the "normal lapse rate" affected by a warmer day?
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Cooling is more rapid with elevation
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albedo of snow
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60-90%
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albedo of clouds
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25-80%
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albedo of moon
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6-8%
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albedo of vegetation
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5-25%
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albedo of asphalt
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5-10%
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albedo of bare rock
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20-40%
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albedo of water
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5-80%
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albedo of forests
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10-20%
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albedo of crops, grasslands
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10-25%
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albedo of grass
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25-30%
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albedo of dry concrete
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17-27%
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albedo of dark roofing
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8-18%
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albedo of light roofing
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35-50%
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albedo of brick, stone
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20-40%
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wispy fog on surfaces, never makes it very far
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steam fog
