Combo with Hist 221 – American History from 1877 to 1920 and 1 other – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The accidental president who replaced Abraham Lincoln in 1865. He was only on the ticket for Abe's second election to attract voters from the south. He took advantage of the fact that congress was on recess for quite a few months, and made key decisions without their consent. Vigorously defended states' rights. He only was okay with slavery because he didn't like the big plantation owners. Under his plan for reconstruction, all that citizens needed to do was to renounce secession,, deny that debts of the confederacy were legal and binding, and ratify the 13th amendment. He pardoned the big landowners and gave them back their land. Congress didn't love this. They overrode his vetoes and Congress tried to impeach him.
answer
Andrew Johnson
question
The democratic candidate from New York who ran against Hayes in 1876 after Grants administration. He targeted the corruption in Grants administration. He won the majority vote, but the electoral college he lost by one vote. There were just three states who were just coming back to the union. Hayes worked out a deal to where he would win the whole thing if he took the troops out of the south to end reconstruction.
answer
Samuel Tilden
question
President from 1877-1881. Controversial election in 1876 led to the Compromise of 1877 which called for Democrats to back Haye's victory in exchange for Hayes' promise not to use the army to uphold republican regimes in the south (p. 407). This signaled the end of reconstruction in south and the beginning of the Gilded Age. During his presidency corruption increased, boss politics increased as well (p. 451).
answer
3. Rutherford B. Hayes
question
when controversy surrounded the election of 1876 and Rutherford B. Hayes became president, many democrats did not want to accept him as president. Hayes won 185 electoral votes compared to Samuel J. Tilden's 184 electoral votes. As a result the Compromise of 1877 called for the democrats to accept Hayes as president in exchange for Hayes' promise to not use the army to uphold republican regimes in the south. This compromise ultimately led to the end of the reconstruction age in the south and allowed the possiblity of democrat regimes to take more control in the south. It also marked the beginning of the Gilded Age.
answer
4. Compromise of 1877
question
(1857-1922) American historian, founder of the Dunning school of reconstruction at Columbia University, in Manhattan,New York. He also was one of the founders of the American Historical Association.The Dunning School was composed of a group of Historians who shared a historiographical school of thoughts, during the Reconstruction period. Mainly, Prof. Dunning argued that the South had been ruined by the reconstruction. He also argued that "Freedman (ex-black slaves) had proved themselves incapable of self government making segregation necessary. Dunning also believed that because Negros were inferior, they should not vote. His school was also responsible for the creation of terms such as "Scalawags" for southern white republicans, and carpetbaggers who came to the south. W. E. B. Du Bois disputed Prof. Dunning's view as anti- Negro.
answer
5. William Archibald Dunning
question
(1862) granted land and gave government bonds to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroad companies, allowing them to build a transcontinental railroad; made it easier for settlers/migrants to move to the West, allowed for easier transportation of goods, encouraged settlement close to railroads
answer
6. Pacific Railroad Act
question
(1862) the promise of 160 acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen (male or female) who settled on the land for 5 years; made easier/more accessible by the transcontinental railroad
answer
7. Homestead Act
question
passed in 1887, proposed by Senator Henry Dawes, who shared the belief that the Indian reservations only hindered the progress of civilizing the Native Americans. The Dawes Allotment Act divided up the reservations and gave part of the land to the Natives as private land. Each Indian household was eligible to recieve 160 acres of land. Indians who took the land earned U.S. citizenship. The act reduced Indian land from 138 million acres to 48 million. This act was significant because it dealt a huge blow to traditional tribal culture, and dispossing official tribes from owning land. The act remained in effect until 1934 (p. 419).
answer
8. Dawes Allotment Act
question
(1887) an example of discrimination against the Mormons, this act took aim at polygamy especially, but also dissolved the corporation of the church and the perpetual emigration fund and allowed the government to confiscate all LDS properties worth over $50,000
answer
9. Edmunds-Tucker Act
question
(1882) effectively barred Chinese immigration, set a precedent for further immigration restrictions; led to a sharp drop in the Chinese population and made it more difficult for established immigrants to get back into the country if they left
answer
10. Chinese Exclusion Act
question
also known as Buffalo Bill, Cody was famous for his Wild West shows, a good example of how the West became kind of legendary; Cody was also a buffalo hunter, one of many and a way that the transcontinental railroad sped up the decline of the buffalo
answer
11. William F. Cody
question
The idea that you pay the rent on land, but then get to keep all the revenue from crops you produce. This system, along with sharecropping, drove many southern freedmen into debt, deep into debt. They were essentially slaves, still stuck to the land they were on and the owners who regulated it. This was a hard lifestyle to lead.
answer
12. Tennant Farming
question
industrial corporation founded by Henry Miller and Charles Lux, Alsatian immigrants. They began as meat wholesalers and expanded their business to include cattle, land, and land reclamation projects. They became one of the industrial giants and employed as many as 1200 immigrant workers. They tried to establish a good relationship between themselves and the immigrants. Still the Chinese were at the bottom of the list. Showed how immigrants had the possibility to raise to very successful heights, while at the same time showing how poor conditions were for many immigrant workers (p. 431).
answer
13. Miller & Lux
question
A historian who addressed the American Historical Association on "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." Turner noted that by 1890, the census could no longer discern a clear frontier line. He said "The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of settlement westward explained American development" and was inextricably linked to what was best and unique in America. This became known as his fronteir Thesis, and would become one of the most enduring myths of the American West.
answer
14. Fredrick Jackson Turner
question
Idea proposed by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1890 in his speech titled, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." The thesis basically stated that the American development in the west was to settle the free land of western america and to fulfill the idea of manifest destiny and the american dream. While the land in the west was never free, white americans spread to the west to settle and cultivate all of the continental United States. This became one of the most enduring myths of the American West (p. 431).
answer
15. Frontier Thesis
question
a great American businessman that made his fortune by creating Carnegie Steel and the biggest steel business in the world. By implementing the Bessemer process he was able to make steel much cheaper to buy. Carnegie also introduced vertical integration to the business world, in which the whole business in under the owners control. Carnegie became an American hero due to his donations amounting to almost $300 million to public libraries. Historically, Carnegie is remembered for being both a hero and a villian. While he did give away alot of money following the belief in the gospel of wealth, his donations were made very half-heartedly. For example he donated money to build libraries but did not provide the money for the books.
answer
15. Andrew Carnegie
question
Created the Standard oil company. Used horizontal integration with trusts to control the raw material prices. He was widely disliked and even was nervous that he would be murdered. Ida M Tarbell wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" for a magazine which tarnished Rockefellers reputation further.
answer
16. John D. Rockefeller
question
creator of the bessemer process, which was a way of making steel. This was drastically less expensive than previous steel making processes. His process enable people like Andrew Carnegie to change the industrial world.
answer
17. Henry Bessemer
question
Competed with Edison, helped pioneer the use of electricity as an energy source.
answer
18. George Westinghouse
question
A system in which a single person or corporation controls all processes of an industry from start to finished product. Andrew Carnegie first used this in the 1870's, controlling every aspect of steel production from mining iron ore to manufacturing the final product, thereby maximizing profits by eliminating the use of outside suppliers or service.
answer
19. Vertical Integration
question
A social theory, based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, that all progress in human society was the result of competition and natural selection. Gilded Age proponents such as William Graham Sumner and Herbert Spencer claimed that reform was useless because the rich and poor were precisely where nature intended them to be and intervention would retard the progress of humanity.
answer
20. Social Darwinism
question
The idea that wealth garnered from earthly success should be used for good works. Andrew Carnegie promoted this view in an 1889 essay in which he maintained that the wealthy should serve as stewards and act in the best interest of society as a whole.
answer
21. Gospel of Wealth
question
promoted what he called "pure and simple" unionism. He founded the Organized Trades and Labor Unions in 1881, and reorganized it in 1886 into the American Federation of Labor (AFL). He organized skilled workers such as machinists and locomotive engineers, and used strikes to gain immediate objectives such as higher pay and better working conditions. He started out small, but over time the Knights would fall, leaving his brand of unionism to be the prevailing one.
answer
22. Samuel Gompers
question
was when brakemen in West Virginia were taking a pay cut, and walked out on strike. This created a national uprising that spread, as many railroad workers walked off the job. Violence grew as tensions grew, and people were killed, and that was followed by large amounts of damage being done in retaliation. The government finally stepped in, and acted as strikebreakers by opening rail traffic, protecting the "scabs", and maintaining peace. This ended the strike. This made the workers see more of the need for unions.
answer
23. Great Railroad Strike
question
Opened in 1900, it was a large brick facility that was the gateway to the United States for millions. It was a big immigration station office in New York harbor.
answer
24. Ellis Island
question
created by the increasing commercialization of entertainment in the late nineteenth wooded islands, gardens, and imposing buildings. It was half carnival, half culture, and offered something for everyone. In October, the fair closed its doors in the midst of the worst depression the country had yet seen. During the winter, the unemployed and homeless took over the grounds, vandalizing it and scaring people away. In July 1894, in a clash between federal troops and striking railway workers, incendiaries set fires that leveled the fairgrounds. It represented the emergent industrial might of the United States, at home and abroad, with its inventions, manufactured goods, and growing consumer culture.
answer
25. Coney Island
question
Was hosted in Chicago in 1893, it was the grandest world's fair in the nations history. The fairground was called the White City and was built on the shores of Lake Michigan, and offered a lesson in what American on the eve of the twentieth century imagined a city might be. It was only five miles down the shore from downtown Chicago, yet it seemed light-years away. Its name celebrated a harmony and pristine beauty unknown in Chicago. It was a paradise of lagoons, fountains, wooded islands, gardens, and imposing buildings. It was half carnival, half culture, and offered something for everyone. In October, the fair closed its doors in the midst of the worst depression the country had yet seen. During the winter, the unemployed and homeless took over the grounds, vandalizing it and scaring people away. In July 1894, in a clash between federal troops and striking railway workers, incendiaries set fires that leveled the fairgrounds. It represented the emergent industrial might of the United States, at home and abroad, with its inventions, manufactured goods, and growing consumer culture.
answer
26. World's Columbian Exposition
question
36 six years old democrat from Nebraska who caused a stir during the 1986 Chicago convention by his passionate speech in favor of free silver. The unlimited coinage of silver in addition to gold). He said during his speech: "Don't Crucify men in a cross of Gold." Many populist urged the People's party to join the Democratic party to endorse Bryan. Bryan was even able to gain support of republican miners from Idaho and Colorado. Bryan run against Republican William Mackinley to whom he lost the election of 1896.
answer
27. William Jennings Bryan
question
Builder of the Pullman railroad cars, he moved his plant and workers away from the "snares of the great city." In 1880, he purchased 4,300 acres nine miles south of Chicago and built a model town, called Pullman. It boasted parks, fountains, playground, an auditorium, a library, a hotel, shops, and markets, along with 1,800 units of housing. Workers lived in this town at a high price to live there. He also continued to own the land, refusing to sell it. By the 1890's his town would be called a "gilded cage" for his workers. During thee depression, he would slash workers wages, while refusing to lower the rents in the model town. At the same time, he continued to pay his stockholders a 8% dividend, and the company accumulated a $25 million surplus. He also tried to control the work process, substituting piecework for day wages and undermining skilled craftsworkers. This led to the great Pullman boycott, which remained peaceful mostly. It was ended by a injunction against the workers and also by leading president Cleveland to believe that the mails were in jeopardy, and he called troops were called in. Violence erupted, 25 workers were killed, while 60 more were wounded. The injunction would also jail Eugene Debs, the leader of the boycott. Debs would come out of jail a socialist.
answer
28. George M. Pullman
question
came together in Lampasas County, Texas, to fight land sharks and horse thieves. During the 1880's they worked together, and formed cooperatives to combat merchants, bankers, wholesalers, and manufacturers by working together, combining what they sold, and trying to do what they can. As the movement grew, they consolidated into two regional alliances. The North-western Farmers' Alliance was active in Kansas, Nebraska, and other Midwestern Granger states. The more radical southern Farmers' Alliance got its start in Texas and spread quickly. The problem they faced was difficulties in running the cooperative's successfully. The merchants, bankers, wholesalers, and manufactures mad it impossible for them to get credit. As this movement dies, the Farmers' Alliance moved toward direct political action. This led to the birth of the People's Party.
answer
29. Farmer's Alliance
question
Black intelecual, historian and Civil rights activist . BOrn in Massachussets in 1886 Du Bois was the first African-American to earn a PHD in history from Harvard University. In 1910 he was the head for the "National association for the Advancement of colored people. Du Bois was a strong oponent of Booker T. Washington who preached Black submission and separation from whites. Instead Du Bois encouraged increased black political participation in the south in order to maintain Civil rights. Du Bois also created the "Niagara Movement," advocating for Universal Male suffrage, civil rights and leadership for the Black intellectual elite.
answer
30. W.E.B. Dubois
question
Plessy was riding in a white compartment of a train but was ⅛ black and was told he would have to move to the colored car. The case came before the Supreme Court and they ruled that in private businesses, separate but equal was legal. This case would later be overturned by Brown v. The Board of Education.
answer
31. Plessy v Ferguson
question
A religious movement in the late 19th century and early 20th century founded on the idea that christians have a responsibility to reform society as well as individuals. Social gospel adherents encouraged people to put Christ's teachings to work in their daily lives by actively promoting social justice.
answer
32. Social Gospel
question
was President Roosevelt's campaign slogan in the 1904 election. Roosevelt wan the presidential race, againist democrat candidate Judge Alton B. Baker
answer
33. Square Deal
question
The growing city of San Francisco needed water and power. Mayor James Phelan sought to obtain water rights from Hetch Hetchy, an spectacular mountain valley within Yosemite's border. There the tuolumne River could be dammed and the valley flooded to create a reservoir large enough to guarantee water supply for San Francisco fro 100 years. John Muir founder of the Sierra Club protested and exclameaid that the Hetch Hetchy Valley was one of nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. THe request was first denied by the secretary of interior in 1903. However, the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1903 the city renewd its efforts to get Hetch Hetchy and in 1907 secured the right to create the Dam and fllod the valley.
answer
34. Hetch Hetchy
question
Was the first US chief forester during the Roosevelt administration. Both man preached conservation. When still a kid Pinchot was asked by his parents to restore American Forests. Pinchot is known for the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the preservation of the nation's natural resources by planned use and renewal. Pinchot coined the term "Conservation Ethic" as applied to natural resources.
answer
35. Gifford Pinchot
question
pioneered "systematized shop management", which alienated the working class by elevating productivity and efficiency. After dropping out of Harvard, Taylor went to work as a machinist at Midvale Steel in Philadelphia in 1880's. Obsessed with making machines and man produce more and faster. he earned a master's in engineering. He went back to Midvale Steel to restructure the workplace. With a stopwatch he timed workers and attempted to break down their work into its simplest components. On the theory that productivity would increase if tasks could be simplified.
answer
36. Frederick Winslow Taylor
question
Was a preeminent finance capitalist of the late nineteenth century. The son of a prominent banker J P Morgan inherited fortune and the stern business code of the old fashioned merchant bankers. At the turn of the twenty century Mr. Morgan dominated American banking. Morgan was also a power broker in the organization of railroad companies and in the creation of industrial giants such as General Electrics and US still. When the railroad fell on hard times in the 1890's he used his access to capital to rescue ruined companies. In order to eliminate competition Morgan created a "community of interests" among the managers; this system allowed Morgan to concentrate the nations railroad companies in the hands of a few directors who controlled two thirds of all nations tracks. JP Morgan made millions of dollars from commissions and from blocks of stocks acquired through reorganization. Morgan also had a hand in the steel industry competing aganist Andrew Carnigie which was called by the press a "Battle of Giants." Since Carnegie was planning to retire he ended up selling his steel company to Morgan. Morgan pulled together all of Carnegie's competitors to form a huge new corporation, the "United States Steel," known today as USX. In 1895, at the depths of the Panic of 1893, the Federal Treasury was nearly out of gold. President Grover Cleveland arranged for Morgan to create a private syndicate on Wall Street to supply the U.S. Treasury with $6.5 million in gold, to float a bond issue that restored the treasury surplus of $7 million. The episode saved the Treasury but hurt Cleveland with the agrarian wing of his democratic party and became an issue in the election of 1896, when banks came under withering attack from William Jennings Bryan. Morgan and Wall Street bankers donated heavily to Republican William Mckenley, who was elected in 1896 and reelected in 1900.
answer
37. J.P. Morgan
question
was a pro-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society"in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialim and Christianity. The uprising took place in response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders ,political invasion, economic manipulation, tomissionary evangelism. In China, popular sentiment remained resistant to foreign influences, and anger rose over the "unequal treties" , which the weak Qing state could not resist. There existed growing concerns that missionaries and Chinese Christians could use this decline to their advantage, appropriating lands and property of unwilling Chinese peasants to give to the church. This sentiment resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests.
answer
38. Boxer Uprising
question
Was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of hawai. she inherited the Hawaiian throne after her brother David Kalakawa's death. In April 1887, Kalākaua sent a delegation to attend the Golden Jubilee of England's Queen Victoria. While on the trip, she learned of the Bayonett constituion that Kalākaua had been forced, under the threat of death, to sign. She was so upset that she canceled a tour of the rest of Europe and returned to Hawaiʻi at once.liliʻuokalani inherited the throne from her brother Kalakaua after his death in January 1891.On 14 January 1893, a group composed of Americans and Europeans formed a Committee of Safety seeking to overthrow the Hawaiian Kingdom, depose the Queen, and seek annexation to the United States. As the coup d'état was unfolding on 17 January the Committee of Safety expressed concern for the safety and property of American citizens. In response, United States Government Minister John L. Stevens summoned a company of U.S. Marines from the USS Boston and two companies of U.S. Navy sailors to take up positions at the U.S. Legation, Consulate, and Arion Hall. On the afternoon of 16 January 1893, 162 sailors and Marines aboard the USS Boston in Honolulu Harbor came ashore under orders of neutrality. Historian William Russ has noted that the presence of these troops, ostensibly to enforce neutrality and prevent violence, effectively made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself. The Queen was deposed on 17 January 1893 and temporarily relinquished her throne to "the superior military forces of the United States". She had hoped the United States, like Great Britain earlier in Hawaiian history, would restore Hawaii's sovereignty to the rightful holder. A provisional government, composed of European and American businessmen, was then instituted until annexation with the United States could be achieved. On 1 February 1893, the US Minister (ambassador) to Hawaii proclaimed Hawaii a protectorate of the United States
answer
39. Queen Liliuokalani
question
led the American Railroad Union (ARU) which unlike the Skilled craft Union(AFL) pledge to organize all railways worker, from engineers to engine wipers. Eugen Debs' ARU went to the rescue of Pullman Railroad Cars who were striking against wage cut. When George Pullman refused arbitration, the ARU membership decided to boycott all Pullman cars. For example. switch men all over the US refused to handle any train that carried Pullman cars. the strike and Boycott soared to 27 states.Debs sent telegrams to all parts of the country advising his followers to be peaceful and to avoid violence. However, judges in Chicago issued an injunction and forbade Debs to speak in public. when Debs disobeyed this order he was arrested and the ARU was finally defeated. Pullman reopened his factory hiring new workers and leaving 1,600 without jobs.
answer
40. Eugene Debs
question
After ousting General Victoriano Huerta from the Mexican presidency, the US replaced him by Venustiano Carranza. However, poor Mexican farmers believed that Carranza aided American Interests in this way betraying the promise of the revolution which was to help the common people. In January 1916,a rebel Mexican army commanded by Francisco "Pancho" Villa seized a train taking gold from an American owned Gold mine in Mexico to Texas. Pancho's men killed the seventeen American engineers. Pancho who had being supported by the US in his endeavors felt betrayed when the US dropped military support to his cause; Pancho didi not like Carranza On Mach of 1916, another band of Villa's men crossed the border into Texas and raided the American city of Columbus in New Mexico, they burned the city and killed eighteen more Americans. In response the US dispatches 12,000 troops commanded by General John J. Pershing. Villa however, avoided capture. Villa ended up dying in a shooting in a village in the chihuahuain July 1923; it hasn't been proven who was responsible for the shooting.
answer
41. Francisco "Pancho" Villa
question
Miners lived in tents to strike against mine companies who kicked them out of their homes. Tents were burned and so miners retaliated. resulted in the violent deaths of 21 people during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914. The deaths occurred after a day-long fight between strikers and the Guard. Two women and eleven children were asphyxiated and burned to death. Three union leaders and two strikers were killed by gunfire, along with one child, one passer-by, and one National Guardsman. In response, the miners armed themselves and attacked dozens of mines, destroying property and engaging in several skirmishes with the Colorado National Guard.
answer
42. Ludlow Strike 1
question
Farther to the left of the socialists stood the IWW, nicknamed the Wobblies. The party was created by William Dusley "Big Bill" Haywood. Big Bill had also created the "Western Federation of Miners. The IWW organized the most destitute segment of the work force, the unskilled workers who were disdained by Samuel Gomper's AFL. The IWW advocated direct action, sabotage and general strike. The IWW never had more than 100,000 at any one time, although possibly as many as 100,000 had belonged to the union at one time or another in the early nineteenth century.
answer
43. IWW (International Workers of the World)
question
The British ship that was sunk by the German U-boats on May 7, 1915. There were supposed ammunition's and war supplies aboard along with 1,198 passengers, 128 of them American, who all passed away with the ships sinking. Secretary of State Bryan wanted Wilson to warn American citizens that they traveled on ships of belligerent countries at their own risk at this time. Wilson ended up taking a middle course where he rejected the idea of American intervention, but he also rejected Bryan's position as well. He declared that any further destruction of ships would be regarded as "deliberately unfriendly" and might lead the United States to break diplomatic relations with Germany. Bryan ended up resigning after this incident, and was replaced by Robert Lansing.
answer
44. Lusitania
question
Originated from Wilson's 14 points which called for a general association of nations to provide mutual guarantees of political Independence and Territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
answer
45. League of Nations
question
This issue took place during World War I and the case came before the Supreme Court in 1919. Schenck was promoting the burning of draft cards and for men to boycott going to war. The Supreme Court ruled that this violated the first amendment because it created a "clear and present danger" to the United States. This was the first case to limit the freedom of speech clause in the 1st amendment.
answer
46. Schenck V. United States
question
Passed in 1919, this amendment allowed for woman to be able to vote nationally. During World War I, the war opened up opportunities for woman. Many woman would find themselves helping in France as nurses, ambulance drivers, and volunteer work. Back in America, millions of workingmen became soldiers, so many woman would step in to fill the empty positions that were available. Politically woman suffrage was inching forward, but had limited success. Before 1910 only four small western states had adopted woman suffrage. After 1910, suffrage leaders added a federal campaign to amend the Constitution. Membership in the National American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, soared to some two million members. in 1918, President Wilson gave his support to suffrage, calling the amendment "vital to the winning of the war." He conceded it would be wrong not to reward the wartime "partnership of suffering and sacrifice" with a "partnership of privilege and right." By August 1920 the amendment was ratified.
answer
47. Nineteenth Amendment
question
Was an American Lawyer and leading member of the "American Civil Liberties Union." Mr. Darrow defended Dr. Ossian Sweet, a black physician who had bought a house in a white neighborhood in Detroit in 1925. While moving into his new home Dr. Sweet was attacked by a white mob. In response he shot into the crowd and Killed one men. During the trial Clarence Darrow used a prase which made him famous: "Every man's home is his castle". Dr. Sweet was eventually acquitted from his charges and moved into his new home in 1928.
answer
48. Clarence Darrow
question
The term to an organization which has advocated white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti -immigrant ideas. The Klan first appeared in the south during the reconstruction to thwart black freedom. The Klan reborn again in 1959 in Georgia. When the Klan extended its targets beyond African-Americans it quickly spread beyond the south. The Klan promised to defend family, morality, and traditional American Values against the threats posed by blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews. The Klan also joined in boycotts of businesses owned by Jews and other groups whom they did considered to be 100% American.
answer
49. Ku Klux Klan
question
(1875-1948) Was an American film Director. He produced the movie "Birth of a Nation" in 1915.This movie became very controversial for the negative depiction of the African Americans and the positive portrayal of slavery and the KKK.
answer
50. D.W. Griffiths
question
The idea that a capitalistic industrial society can operate benevolently to improve the lives of workers. The notion of welfare capitalism became popular in the 1920s as industries extended the benefits of scientific management to improve safety and sanitation in the workplace as well as to institute paid vacations and pension plans.
answer
51. Welfare Capitalism
question
Was the movement of about two million African-American out of the south of the United states to Midwest, Northeast and west during 1910- 1930 to escape racism and prejudice in the south as well to seek jobs in industrial cities. Many blacks moved north to take advantage of the labor shortage in the wake of WWI. There were a lot of competition for housing and employment among African Americans , newly arrived European immigrants (Both mainly agriculture groups), and the White working class. Railroad, meatpacking and stockyards companies recruited blacks. Because of this massive migration, there was a change in demographics, for instance, Harlem in New York became a center for black culture.
answer
52. Great Migration
question
a socialist, believing that workers must take control of the state.
answer
Union leader Eugene Debs serves six months in jail for his part in the Pullman strike and came out:
question
the United States had achieved hegemony, or domination, in Latin America and the Caribbean.
answer
The U.S. role in the 1895 border crisis in Venezuela signaled that
question
access to trade in China for all.
answer
Secretary of State John Hay initiated the Open Door policy in 1900 to insure
question
William Jennings Bryan.
answer
The eloquent plea for free silver -"Do not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold"- was made in 1896 by
question
social action, labor conditions, and women's voting rights.
answer
After Frances Willard assumed the presidency of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, the focus of the organization gradually changed to include
question
pressure by the press and the sinking of the Maine.
answer
America's entrance into Spanish-American War was a direct result of
question
they couldn't bring themselves to vote for a Yankee.
answer
Many white southerners backed down from voting for the Populist presidential candidate in 1892 because
question
Cuban independence from Spain, American trade with Cuba and Asian expansion.
answer
U.S. stake in the Spanish-American War included
question
the country wanted to keep the Western Hemisphere closed to outside influences yet also desired access to Asia.
answer
In 1900, America's foreign policy was paradoxical because
question
a contest between workers' rights and property rights.
answer
The workers' strike at the Homestead plant in 1892 was fundamentally
question
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
answer
The Treaty of Paris that ended the war with Spain cede to the United States
question
it was America's prerogative to step in and mediate.
answer
In 1895, President Cleveland tested the Monroe Doctrine when a border dispute arose
question
the unemployment of nearly half of the labor force.
answer
The depression of 1893 was characterized by
question
to acquire new markets.
answer
In the 1890s, some advocated U.S. expansion
question
set a new style for presidential campaigning by traveling widely.
answer
In 1896, presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan
question
signaled the beginning of the new era in women's fight for the vote.
answer
The unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890
question
to put the jobless to work building roads.
answer
In 1894, Jocob S. Coxey led thousands of unemployed people to Washington to propose a plan
question
that rents were ten to twenty percent higher than in nearby communities.
answer
Among the drawbacks of living in the town of Pullman, Illinois, was
question
missionaries and other symbols of foreign colonialism.
answer
The Boxer Rebellion in China was aimed at
question
the strikers minus their union leaders returned to work.
answer
After four and a half months, the strike at the Homestead mill ended, and
question
she face arrest for distributing "obscene" information.
answer
Soon after Margaret Sanger launched her movement for birth control in 1915,
question
reformers with a broad agenda of concerns.
answer
In the years between 1890 and 1916, progressives tended to be
question
a reduction in hours worked and an increase in wages.
answer
A strike by 147,00 anthracite coal miners in Pennsylvania in 1902 led to
question
emphasizing reform over party loyalty.
answer
As governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette united his supporters by
question
attack prostitution and other vices.
answer
Progressives launched the social purity movement to
question
intended to act independently of big business.
answer
Taken together, President Roosevelt's actions in the anthracite coal strike of 1902 and the dissolution of Northern Securities in 1904 demonstrated that the government
question
incorporate his belief in limited government, states' rights, and open markets.
answer
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
question
negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War.
answer
President Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his role in
question
backed an uprising in Panama arranged by New York investors.
answer
To obtain the Panamanian isthmus for construction of a canal, the United States
question
filled papers and periodicals with stories of corporate and political wrongdoing.
answer
The term 'muckrakers' refers to Progressive Era journalists who
question
becoming involved in political action.
answer
Jane Addams quickly learned that it was impossible to deal with social problems in the city without
question
ensure the United States commercial entry into China in the face of competition from European nations and Japan.
answer
President Roosevelt inherited the Open Door policy, a program designed to
question
set commercial rather than strategic goals.
answer
President Taft's "dollar diplomacy" in the Caribbean
question
legalize and expand racial segregation in public facilities.
answer
The Progressive Era witnessed the rise of Jim Crow laws in the South that were designed to
question
set up the United States as the police power in the Western Hemisphere.
answer
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
question
was a good place to use their talents to help society.
answer
American women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries found that the settlement house movement
question
urging men and women to liberate themselves from "the barbarism of private ownership and wage slavery."
answer
Eugene V. Debs offered an alternative to the progressive programs of the Republicans and Democrats by
question
"whether or not the government has the power to control the trusts."
answer
According to Theodore Roosevelt, the "absolutely vital question" facing the nation when he became president in 1901 was
question
have the federal government regulate them.
answer
President Roosevelt believed that the best way to deal with trusts was to
question
grassroots level and percolated up to the national level of government.
answer
The progressive movement in the United States began at the
question
stir up patriotism through posters, pamphlets, cartoons, and press releases.
answer
The Committee on Public Information was created by President Wilson to
question
retaliating with a submarine blockade of Great Britain.
answer
Germany reacted to the blockade in 1914 by
question
a rise in unemployment and a new conflicts between business and labor.
answer
The return to free enterprise in the United States after WWI led to
question
all young men.
answer
The selective Service Act of 1917 authorized the draft of
question
left the South for northern industrial cities.
answer
Between 1915 and 1920, in an effort to escape the South's cotton fields and kitchens, blacks
question
the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.
answer
before the outbreak of WWI, Europe was divided into
question
punish any opinion it considered "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive" to the American flag or uniform.
answer
The US government passed the Espionage Act, the Trading with the Enemy Ace and the Sedition Act to
question
America's allies.
answer
As commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during WWI, General John Pershing found himself waging on war against the Germans and another against
question
was a pacifist.
answer
President Wilson chose William Jennings Bryan to serve as his secretary of state because Bryan
question
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Bosnian Serb terrorist.
answer
A complex web of European military and diplomatic alliances determined the scope of WWI, but the event that triggered the war was
question
expanded opportunities for women.
answer
The labor shortage that resulted from the mobilization of US troops in 1917
question
his belief that the United States had a moral duty to champion national self determination, peaceful free trade and political democracy.
answer
President Wilson's foreign policy was based on
question
defeat of its forces along the Marne and Meuse rivers.
answer
The event that led the German republic to sue for an armistice in 1918 was the
question
Pershing was known for the kind of level-headed efficiency many progressives believed was needed in modern warfare.
answer
Woodrow Wilson selected General John Pershing to command the American Expeditionary Force in Europe because
question
ruled that Charles Schenck's actions posed a "clear and present danger: to the nation in the time of war.
answer
In Schneck v. United States (1919), the US Supreme court
question
a reaction to U.S. labor unrest, Russian Bolshevism and a flurry of terrorist attacks.
answer
The Red scare of 1919 and 1920 was
question
to weaken Germany so that it would never threaten its neighbors again.
answer
In negotiating the 1919 peace treaty in Paris, the Allies wante
question
free trade with all nations at war and a guarantee of safety on the open seas.
answer
In exchange for its neutrality in WWI, the United States insisted on
question
the Monroe Doctrine.
answer
President Wilson's policies toward Latin America were governed in large part by
question
ninety-six lynchings and race riots in two dozen northern cities.
answer
Black migration to the North during WWI led to
question
was the high point of women's political influence in the 1920's.
answer
The Sheppard-Tower At of 1921
question
a 20 percent unemployment rate, the highest to date.
answer
America's return to the peacetime economy in 1920 and 1921 was marked by
question
liquor flowed freely in the White House during his administration.
answer
President Harding's stance on prohibition was exemplified by the fact that
question
marked the beginning of an era of strict limits on immigration.
answer
The immigration laws of the 1920's, including the Johnson-Reid Act,
question
slowdown in new construction and in automobile sales.
answer
Among the first signs of economic distress int eh United States in the mid 1920's was
question
American banks, insurance companies and railroads.
answer
As the United States slipped into the Great Depression in the early 1930's, President Hoover's most generous response was to lend government funds to
question
halved Germany's annual reparations payments and initiated American loans to Germany.
answer
The Dawes Plan
question
a challenge to traditional gender roles.
answer
The flapper of the 1920's represented
question
college and professional football.
answer
Knute Rockne and Red Grange were associated with
question
the unemployed, tenant farmers and sharecroppers.
answer
Those hardest hit by the Great Depression were
question
secretaries, stenographers, office clerks, typists ans salesclerks.
answer
During the 1920's most American women who worked held jobs as
question
businesses to encourage loyalty to the company.
answer
Welfare capitalism was created by
question
insisting that no one was starving.
answer
The Hoover administration responded to the problems of the American people during the Great Depression by
question
advertising.
answer
The relatively new industry in the 1920's that linked the possession of material goods to the fulfillment of spiritual and emotional needs was
question
the nation needed to be defended against the threat to traditional values posed by blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics and Jews.
answer
The Ku Klux Klan reemerged in 1915 largely in response to the belief that
question
as a symbol of all they feared---Catholicism, immigrants, cities, and liberal attitudes.
answer
many Americans responded to Alfred E Smith's candidacy for president in 1928
question
fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean.
answer
In1927, Charles Lindbergh became the first person to
question
indicated a lack of support among voters for labor unions, the regulation of business and the protection of civil liberties.
answer
The presidential election of 1924, in which Calvin Coolidge defeated John W. Davis and Robert La Follette,
question
the resentment of men, who lost their jobs more often than women did.
answer
One effect of the depression of the American family in the 1930's was
question
the anti-foreign hysteria that was rampant among many Americans.
answer
The outcome of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial was evidence of
