Astronomy Unit 1 Space – Flashcards

They have a pinwheel shape with a bar of gas, dust and stars running through the center. They are generally rich in gas and dust. They contain both young and old stars.

These galaxies have a pinwheel shape with a bulge and thin disk in the center. They are rich with gas and dust. They contain both young and old stars. Many of these galaxies have been named and cataloged because they are the brightest and easiest to spot in the sky.

They have a round or oval shape with a bulge in the center, but no disk. These galaxies have a little cool dust and gas. They contain mostly older stars. Astronomers believe that these galaxies are the most numerous in the universe.

These galaxies are shaped have no regular shape. They are usually rich with gas and dust. They contain both young and old stars. This class contains a hodgepodge of shapes, basically anything that is not spiral or elliptical in shape.

Our universe contains four main classes of galaxy shapes that astronomers know about. What are they?

a body held together by gravity that is made of millions of stars, gas and dust

a group of galaxies that are found close together

the largest structure in the universe, composed of many galaxy clusters

a massive, hot, shining ball of gas

a cloud of dust and gas found in space

formed by a collapsed star, has a very strong gravitational pull

the pattern that a group of stars seems to make in the sky

a device used to project images of the stars or depict the solar system

the 12 constellations through which the sun, moon and planets appear to move

Hot large star

cooler outer layer, large star

star the typical star, such as the sun

cool, small star

very cool, small star

tightly packed remnants of a star

presents the first evidence of other galaxies

Proves the universe is expanding

In 1965 Scientist found these in the universe that they believed were left over from a vast explosion

This satellite traced background radiation and ripples in the universe that were thought to be left over from the big bang

He found several blurry objects that he recorded as nebulae. These were later found to be galaxies

He drew galaxy M51 without knowing what it is

a constellation of the zodiac, it is visible in the fall in the northern hemisphere and spring in the southern hemisphere. It is represented as a man pouring water from a bucket. This ancient constellation has its roots in many a number of cultures. In Greek mythology, he was Ganymede, the cupbearer to the gods.

This constellation can be seen in the northern hemisphere during the late winter and early spring. It is a small constellation bounded by Taurus, Pisces, and Cetus. This is an ancient constellation, which was known as the Ram to the Babylonians, the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Persians. In Greek mythology, it represents the ram from which the golden fleece was obtained in the story of Jason and the Argonauts. It is one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac

This constelation is visible in the northern hemisphere in the early spring. It can be seen in the southern hemisphere during autumn. This constellation is believed to represent the crab sent by Hydra to attack Hercules. In other ancient cultures it was believed to be the gate through which souls passed from Heaven to Earth as they were born into human bodies. This is one of the 13 constellations of the Zodiac. This means that it is located along the ecliptic, the part of the sky through which the Sun and planets appears to pass during the year. It contains two Messier objects. The most famous of these is M44, the beehive cluster. This is small star cluster that resembles a swarm of bees. The other object, M67, is another open star cluster.

This constellation is visible in the northern hemisphere in early autumn. It reaches its highest point on September 1. This ancient constellation has been known since Babylonian and Chaldean times. It is represented as a goat with the tail of a fish. This is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac, which is an imaginary belt of the sky through which the Sun passes on its yearlong travels across the sky. It is also one of the dimmest constellations in the sky. Most of the stars are 3rd magnitude or dimmer. This constellation contains no notable deep sky objects.

This constellation, also known as the Twins, is visible in the northern hemisphere from November through April. This constellation was named after Castor and Pollux, two Greek heroes who were among the men Jason led on his voyages on the Argo. According to myth, they were actually half-brothers and not really twins. They shared the same mother, Leda, but had different fathers. Castor's father was a king of Sparta called Tyndareus, while the father of Pollux was Zeus himself. This constellation contains two of the most famous stars in the sky, Castor and Pollux. Pollux is the brighter of the two with a magnitude of 1.14. Castor is a binary system with a slight dimmer magnitude of 1.98. The constellation also contains one Messier object. Known as M35, it is a fine open cluster of about 100 stars. This cluster can easily be observed with binoculars.

This constellation can be found in the northern hemisphere in the spring. It was named after the Nemean lion, which was killed by Hercules on the first of his twelve labors for the king of Mycenae. According to legend, the lion had a hide that could not be pierced by iron, bronze, or stone. Hercules strangled the great beast after unsuccessfully trying to reason with it. The ancient Egyptians worshiped this constellation as the place where the Sun rose after creation. It appearance in the night sky coincided with the summer solstice and the flooding of the Nile river. The constellation contains five Messier objects, all of them galaxies. All of these are spiral galaxies, except for M105, which is an elliptical. The bright star, Regulus, was seen in ancient times as the guardian of the heavens. Its name means "heart of the lion", due to its position in the constellation. With a magnitude of 1.35, Regulus is the 25th brightest star in the sky.

This constellation,the Scales, can be found between Scorpius and Virgo. It is the age-old symbol of justice, harmony and balance. It is one of the 13 constellations of the Zodiac. This constellation received its name thousands of years ago when it was noticed that the Sun passes through it during the autumnal equinox, when day and night are of equal length. It represented justice as a symbol for equality in several Middle Eastern cultures. It has held different meanings for different cultures. To the ancient Greeks, it represented the claws of the scorpion. To the Romans, it was the golden chariot of Pluto, god of the Underworld. Today it is seen as a universal symbol of balance, harmony, and justice. It contains no Messier objects and no deep sky objects of interest.

This zodiac constellation is visible in the sky between October and December in the northern hemisphere. It is located just south of Pegasus. It is represented as a pair of fish facing in opposite directions, connected at the tail by a common star. In ancient times, the two fish were shown swimming together

The Archer, can be seen in the summer in the northern hemisphere . This constellation is easy to recognizable due to an asterism, or grouping of stars that form a teacup shape. The constellation is believed to have originated with the Babylonians. He was their god of War, and he stands with his bow aimed at the heart of Scorpius, the scorpion. Like Centaurus, he is a half man, half beast creature. Some legends say that he was placed in the heavens to guide the Argonauts in their travels. It is an important constellation in that it marks the direction of the center of our galaxy. It also contains more Messier objects than any other constellation in the sky. There are 15 in all, including seven globular clusters, four open star clusters, three nebulae, and an interesting patch of the Milky Way. M8 is known as the Lagoon Nebula and is one of the most well known nebulae in the sky. M20, the Trifid Nebula is famous for its dark dust lane that divides it into three distinct areas.

This constellation can be seen in summer from the northern hemisphere, but is low in the sky and is best seen from the southern hemisphere or southern United States. It has a distinct "J" shape, also described as a fishhook. It represents the scorpion sent by a jealous Artemis to slay Orion. It was this scorpion's sting that caused Orion's death. The scorpion still chases Orion across the heavens, but will never catch him because it rises in the East after Orion has set in the West. This constellation is the location of the bright orange star known as Antares. Antares is a red supergiant star that is part of a binary system. At magnitude 0.96, it is the 15th brightest star in the sky. Scorpius also contains four Messier star clusters.

The Bull, can be seen during the winter and the early spring in the northern hemisphere. It is believed to represent the story of Europa and the bull. The story tells of Europa, daughter of Agenor who was King of Phoenica. One day Europa saw a majestic white bull grazing near her father's herd. The bull was actually Zeus in disguise. After allowing Europa to climb on its back, the bull whisked her off to Crete where he made her his mistress. The V-shape of the horns in the constellation is very easy to find. Nestled within the horns can be found the Hyades, an open cluster of about 200 stars. This is the home of two Messier objects. Perhaps the most famous of these is the Crab Nebula, the remnants of a massive supernova explosion. The second of the objects is the Pleiades. Also known as the Seven Sisters, it is a tight, open star cluster containing six bright stars. The Pleiades was named after the seven daughters of Atlas, the titan who holds up the sky. The seventh star, Celaeno, is too dim to bee seen by the naked eye. Celaeno is known as the lost Pleiad because in mythology, she was struck by lightning.

This can be seen in spring and summer in the northern hemisphere. It is the second largest constellation in the sky after Hydra. It is depicted as a maiden. In ancient times she was Isis, the Egyptian protectress of the living and the dead and the principal mother goddess. She has also been Ishtar of the Sumerian-Chaldean civilizations, and Inanna, the goddess of love. In Roman times she was represented by the goddess Ceres. Her festival was in the second week of April, the same time that the constellation appears in the spring skies. This is one of the 13 constellations of the Zodiac. The Sun passes through her in mid-September. This makes it the constellation that announces the harvest. This constellation is perhaps best known for the large cluster of galaxies that bears its name. This local cluster contains over 2000 galaxies, 11 of which appear in the Messier catalog. The most famous of these is M104, the Sombrero Galaxy. This edge-on spiral galaxy has a dark dust lane running across its center, giving it the appearance of a sombrero hat.

The Serpent Bearer, is best seen in summer in the northern hemisphere. It is believed to be named after Aesculapius, a physician who was later made a god. Serpents were always associated with physicians, and this has given rise to the modern symbol for medicine. A little known fact about This constellation is that it is one of the 13 constellations of the Zodiac. This means that the Sun passes through the constellation during the year. When the Babylonians invented the Zodiac about 300 years ago, it only contained 12 constellations. Because of the procession of the Earth's axis, the Sun now passes through this constellation each year in December, making it a new member of the Zodiac by definition. Astronomers define the Zodiac as those constellations through which the Sun and planets travel. This path is known as the ecliptic. This constellation contains the second closest star to Earth, known as Barnard's star. It is a red dwarf star located about 6 light-years away. At magnitude 9.5, it is not an easy star to find with the naked eye. The constellation also contains seven Messier objects, all of which are globular star clusters.

British astronomer lived during this time. He was the first to use spectroscopy in astronomy

A Danish astronomer, discovers that a star's temperature and luminosity are linked. He then arranges them into families, from hot and bright to cool and dim.

Name the century and the man. He names 48 different constellations in his book "Almagest"

during these centuries 40 more constellations were named for a total of 88 named constellations

During the 7th centery WHO used a coordinate system resembling the zodiac

Around 50BC This is a relief that is the first known depiction of the classical zodiac of 12 signs.