question

A bacterial cell possesses a glycocalyx.

answer

It will be able to attach to surfaces. It will be less likely to dry out. It will be more pathogenic

question

Eukaryotic cells use a process known as __________ to obtain liquids from their environment. Eukaryotic cells use a process known as __________ to obtain liquids from their environment.

answer

pinocytosis

question

Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes

answer

diffusion

question

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

answer

both active transport and group translocation

question

component of bacterial flagella?

answer

flagellin basal body hook filament

question

characteristic of a eukaryotic cell

answer

has a nuclear envelope more complex than prokaryotes has membrane-bound organelles

question

The presence of a(n) ________ enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions

answer

cell wall

question

Tumbles occur when

answer

the flagella rotate clockwise

question

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have only a single flagellum?

answer

Monotrichous

question

Peritrichous bacteria make a run when

answer

the flagella turn counterclockwise and become bundled

question

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have flagella located at only one end of the cell?

answer

Lophotrichous and monotrichous

question

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of

answer

60S and 40S subunits

question

Formation of a biofilm may contribute to bacteria's ability

answer

to cause disease.

question

Why is ATP necessary for active transport?

answer

ATP provides energy to transfer material against its concentration gradient

question

Which type of active transport protein moves two molecules into the cell at the same time?

answer

Which type of active transport protein moves two molecules into the cell at the same time?

question

Which transport protein employs transporters that move molecules only in one direction?

answer

Uniport and Symport

question

Which type of active transport protein uses one protein to pump two different molecules?

answer

Antiport and Symport

question

Bacteria

answer

__________ may have pili.

question

The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of

answer

group translocation

question

Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein?

answer

both facilitated diffusion and active transport

question

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is CORRECT?

answer

Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.

question

Which of the following is classified as a membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?

answer

endoplasmic reticulum

question

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

answer

responsiveness

question

A(n) ________ is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

answer

capsule

question

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

answer

cilia

question

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that they have

answer

light-harvesting pigments.

question

Bacterial pili can be described as

answer

specialized fimbriae.

question

the following statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory are true

answer

The cristae of mitochondria evolved from the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes. . Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes. The endosymbiotic theory is not universally accepted. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide independently of the cell.

question

Which of the following molecules is shared by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms?

answer

N-acetylmuramic acid

question

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits the formation of peptide cross-links. Amoxicillin, therefore, would most likely inhibit the growth of __________.

answer

both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms

question

Porins are present in ______________bacteria because, in these organisms, molecules entering the cell must pass through an extra layer of ___________.

answer

Gram-negative; membrane

question

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma are distinguished from other bacterial cells by

answer

the absence of a cell wall

question

Why is no energy required in passive transport?

answer

The concentration gradient drives the movement

question

Once equilibrium is reached,

answer

molecules move, but there is no net movement in a particular direction.

question

Which of the following would not move freely across the cytoplasmic membrane?

answer

Positively charged hydrogen ions Small alcohols Correct

question

the following are component of eukaryotic cell walls

answer

silicates cellulose chitin

question

the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system

answer

Rough ER -->Vesicle from ER --> Golgi Apparatus -->Vesicle from golgi -->Plasma membrane

question

The hami of some archaea are used for which of the following processes?

answer

attachment

question

Which of the following molecules would be blocked by a cell membrane?

answer

Ions

question

Hydrophobic molecules would enter a cell

answer

through integral transport proteins.

question

What is a hallmark of passive transport across cell membranes?

answer

It occurs along an electrochemical gradient, and may involve the use of transport proteins

question

A positively charged sodium ion

answer

would require the use of integral protein channels to pass through a cell membrane

question

the following statements regarding active transport

answer

It requires ATP. It requires the use of a transport protein.

question

the following statements concerning centrioles

answer

Centrioles are composed of microtubules. The structure of centrioles is similar to that of eukaryotic flagella and cilia. Centrioles are found in a region of the cell called the centrosome. Centrioles are believed to play a role in cellular processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis

question

the following statements concerning pili

answer

Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella

question

Lipid __________ is a part of the Gram-negative cell wall that can produce fever, inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream. (Be sure to use capital letters.)

answer

A

question

A periplasmic space is found in which of the following?

answer

Gram-negative cells only

question

Cytoplasmic membranes of __________ are composed of phospholipids.

answer

both bacteria and eukaryotes

question

If a eukaryotic cell suffers damage to its mitochondria, which of the following processes of life would be most immediately affected?

answer

metabolism

question

function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton

answer

gives shape to the cell aids in contraction of the cell performs endocytosis anchors organelles

question

the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella

answer

Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has an endoflagellum. A "run" results from counterclockwise movement of the flagellum. . Prokaryotic flagella can rotate 360 degrees. Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body.

question

Lipid A is also known as

answer

endotoxin.

question

The filament and basal body are associated with which of the following external structures found in some bacterial cells?

answer

flagella

question

The cell walls of __________ contain peptidoglycan.

answer

bacteria

question

When the nurse practitioner looked into Nadia's throat, she saw white spots on the tonsils. These were white blood cells attempting to fight off the infection. Which of the following statements explains a key difference between Nadia's white blood cells and the Streptococcus pyogenes infecting her throat?

answer

Nadia's white blood cells have a nucleus while the Streptococcus pyogenes do not Nadia's white blood cells are eukaryotic, while the Streptococcus pyogenes are prokaryotic. The distinctive feature of prokaryotic cells is that they do not have a nucleus.

question

function of the Streptococcus pyogenes cytoplasmic membrane?

answer

endocytosis This is a function of eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes and is not found in bacterial membranes.

question

Nadia has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which has a Gram-positive cell wall. What distinguishes Gram-positive bacterial cell walls from Gram-negative bacteria cell walls?

answer

the presence of teichoic acid Teichoic acid is unique to Gram-positive organisms and anchors the peptidoglycan layer to the cell membrane.

question

the following statements concerning osmosis

answer

Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. Crenation results when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.

question

Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration. Crenation results when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.

answer

Golgi body

question

component of bacterial cell walls

answer

tetrapeptide mycolic acid peptidoglycan lipoteichoic acids Correct

question

________ are fibrous structures some archaea use for attachment to surfaces.

answer

Hami

question

The archaea are similar to bacteria in all of the following ways

answer

The archaea are similar to bacteria in all of the following ways

question

the following have external structures containing a periplasmic space

answer

Gram-negative bacteria

question

Which of the following scenarios is an example of bacterial motility?

answer

A bacterium moving towards a food source

question

Axial filaments are found on

answer

spirochetes.

question

the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is

answer

viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things. living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP. reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things. organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times.

question

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

answer

nucleus DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.

question

The structural framework in a cell is the

answer

cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

question

Where in a cell is ATP made?

answer

mitochondria

question

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

answer

mRNA The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

question

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

answer

ribosomes. Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.

question

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

answer

Golgi apparatus The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

question

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles

answer

ysosomes Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles.

question

Where are lipids made in the cell?

answer

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER

question

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

answer

plasma membrane The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

question

A bacterial cell stains positive with the acid-fast stain.

answer

has a cell wall that contains waxy lipids. It will be difficult to stain this cell with the Gram stain. It may be a member of the genus Mycobacterium.

question

A bacterial cell is placed in distilled water. Which of the following will happen?

answer

The cell will gain water

question

The process of bringing a solid substance into the cell is known as ____________________.

answer

phagocytosis

question

Archaeal flagella __________.

answer

rotate as bacterial flagella do

question

Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete.

answer

True

question

Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates.

answer

True

question

the following would be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell

answer

porins

question

(n) ________ is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

answer

symport

question

Archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes

answer

__________ may have flagella.

question

Which of the following processes can be either specific or nonspecific depending upon the particular molecules that are transported

answer

facilitated diffusion

question

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria

answer

mycolic acid

question

the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins?

answer

small hydrophobic molecules

question

Paired structures composed of tubulin that play a role in eukaryotic mitosis are known as ________. centrioles

answer

tubulin

question

A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a ________ (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution. lower

answer

lower

question

the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

answer

both fimbriae and glycocalyces

question

Which of the following is unique to archaea?

answer

hami

question

Some members of the __________ have hami.

answer

archaea

question

When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they lose water and shrivel. This process is called

answer

crenation.

question

What makes phospholipid membranes good at keeping some molecules out, and allowing others to freely pass?

answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

question

Integral proteins are involved in

answer

transport function

question

How does water enter and exit a cell?

answer

By simple diffusion or by use of an integral transport protein

question

Which of the active transport types employs diffusion?

answer

symport

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