test 1 – Chemistry Answers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Technology |
answer
| applied science |
question
| Research |
answer
| basic science |
question
| Poison |
answer
| inorganic chemical substance taht can cause illness or death |
question
| Toxin |
answer
| organic chemical substance taht can cause illness or death |
question
| LD50 |
answer
| Lethal Dose or amount of substance that can kill halff the population in a week |
question
| GRAS |
answer
| generally recongnized as safe |
question
| Grecian view |
answer
| earth, fire, air and water |
question
| Democraties |
answer
| believed that matter could not be continually subdivided |
question
| Time line of Alchemy |
answer
| 100Bc-1600AD |
question
| Alchemist . |
answer
| believed matter could be changed from one form to another |
question
| Alchemist goals |
answer
| metal-gold, philosophers stone, elixir of life |
question
| Corpuscular theory |
answer
| atoms were the basic form of matter |
question
| Robert Boyle |
answer
| wrote “the sceptical chemist” |
question
| Scientific method |
answer
| general process involving experimentation and explanation of facts |
question
| Sigfigs |
answer
| digits that express info that is reasonably reliable/#’s taken from measurements |
question
| Accuracy |
answer
| concept, that involves the closeness of msurmnts to an actual dimension |
question
| Precision |
answer
| a concept relating to the refinement or detail of a measurement |
question
| Exact numbers |
answer
| numbers with no uncertain digits |
question
| Density |
answer
| mass per unit volume of a substance or object |
question
| Density equation |
answer
| D=M/V |
question
| Specific gravity |
answer
| the ration of the mass of any substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same condition. |
question
| Temp |
answer
| measure of hot/cold matter |
question
| Heat |
answer
| a measure of the kinetic energy of moving particles. It measures the quantity of energy not the intensity. |
question
| Calorie |
answer
| amount of heat required to reaise the temp of 1g of water 1degree |
question
| Specific heat |
answer
| the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g of any substance 1degree C |
question
| Mass |
answer
| measure of quantity of matter |
question
| Weight |
answer
| measure of force of gravity acting upon a particular mass |
question
| Nuclear fusion |
answer
| energy of stars |
question
| Solid |
answer
| definite shape and volume |
question
| Sublimation |
answer
| conversion directly from solid to gas state |
question
| Liquid |
answer
| definite volume indefinite shape |
question
| Viscosity |
answer
| measure of the resistance of liquid to flow |
question
| Miscibility |
answer
| ability of liquids to mix with one another to form a solution |
question
| Gas |
answer
| no definite shape or volume |
question
| Diffusion |
answer
| spontaneous mixing of gases at constant temp |
question
| Compression |
answer
| ability to reduce volume in the presence of increased pressure |
question
| Plasma |
answer
| composed of IONS |
question
| Extensive matter |
answer
| property relating to the amount of matter present |
question
| Intensive |
answer
| property relating to the particular form of matter present |
question
| Physical property |
answer
| char. Of matter that identifies a substance w/p a change in chemical composition |
question
| Chemical char. |
answer
| Matter relating to how a substance changes in compo. Or interacts with other substances. |
question
| Chemical change |
answer
| a change that alters the chemical composition of a substance |
question
| Physical change |
answer
| indicates a chemical change is taking place: flame, heat/light, gas, precipitate, color/odor. |
question
| Law of conservation of mass |
answer
| mass can neither be destroyed or created |
question
| Pure substance |
answer
| matter that has a defined and fixed composition |
question
| Elements |
answer
| pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties by physical or chemical means |
question
| Atom |
answer
| smallest part of element that still contains property |
question
| Compound |
answer
| pure substance up of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by mass |
question
| Laws of definite composition |
answer
| every compound is composed of elements in a certain fixed proportion of mass Mixture combinations of two or more substance that can be separated by physical means |
question
| Homogenous mixture |
answer
| uniform blend of two or more substances whose proportions can be varied |
question
| Heterogeneous |
answer
| non-uniform blend of two or more substances |
question
| Energy |
answer
| capacity to do work or transfer heat |
question
| Potential energy |
answer
| energy an object possesses due to its position of a chemical composition |
question
| Kinetic energy |
answer
| energy an object possesses due to its motion |
question
| Exothermic reaction |
answer
| chemical reaction that releases energy Endothermic reaction must absorb energy to proceed |
question
| Law of conservation of energy |
answer
| in any chemical or physical change in energy is neither created or destroyed it’s simply converted from one to another |
question
| Law of conservation of M&E |
answer
| the sum of all the mass and energy in the universe is constant |
question
| most abundent element in the universe |
answer
| hydrogen |
question
| Char. of metals |
answer
| luster, conducts heat and electr., malleable, ducile, react w/ non metals but no with metals, can be hard and soft and those on the left side of the periodic table tend to be more reactive then those on the right. |
question
| char. of non metals |
answer
| no luster, not malleable or ductile, poor conductors of heat and electricity, react w/ metals and non metals, most are soft or gas. |
question
| The diatomic elements |
answer
| H, O, N, F, Cl, Cr and I |
question
| Mealloids |
answer
| has char. of metals and non metals (7) |
question
| Most elements are solids at... |
answer
| room temp |
question
| elements that ar liquids at room temp... |
answer
| Hg and Br2 |
question
| Allotrope |
answer
| different forms of an element in the same physical state |
question
| example of allotrope |
answer
| carbon |
question
| Democritus |
answer
| 1st to theorize about atoms |
question
| Sennent |
answer
| adavanced the cornpuscular theory |
question
| Boyle |
answer
| advanced the idea of experimintation |
question
| Stahl |
answer
| use philogsitin theory to explain cumbustion |
question
| scheele and priestly |
answer
| discovered oxygen |
question
| Cavendish |
answer
| developed a method for making precise quantitative measurements |
question
| Electrolysis |
answer
| the decomposation of a substance by an electrc current |
question
| Lavosier |
answer
| disproved the philogsitin theory and used oxygen to explain combustion |
question
| During a chemical Rxn, the total mass remaining is_______. Who theorized this? |
answer
| constant and Lavoiser |
question
| each substance will require a certain amount of ____ to react with. Who theorized this? |
answer
| 02 and Lavoiser |
question
| law of conservation of mass was discovered by who? |
answer
| Lavoiser |
question
| Further investigations, of Lavoisers experiments, by J. proust lead to the law of |
answer
| Definite composition |
question
| Dalton |
answer
| proposed theory of the atom based on all work done prior to 1800 |
question
| Dalton had how many atomic theories? |
answer
| seven |
question
| Daltns Law of Multiple proportions example |
answer
| CO2 and CO |
question
| unlike charges _____ like charges ____ |
answer
| attract, repel |
question
| Crookes |
answer
| developed the first cathode ray tube |
question
| Goldstien |
answer
| discovered canal rays using the Catho ray tube |
question
| Wien |
answer
| discovered canal ray mass Varied with gas used int the catho ray tube |
question
| Thompson |
answer
| developed the ration of an electron to its mass |
question
| Millikan |
answer
| measured the charge and mass of an indiv. electron. |
question
| Ruentgen |
answer
| discobered the xraly using the CRT eminates from the anode |
question
| Becquerel and Curie |
answer
| discovered Natural Radioactivity |
question
| Rutherford epmt 1 |
answer
| Discovered the different tpes of radioactivity |
question
| Rutherford |
answer
| discovered the middlle of the atom and disproved thompsons plum pudding model of an atom. through the gold foil experiment |
question
| neulcear theory of the atom |
answer
| named the center-neucleous nucleous is very small in relaion to the entire aom most of the mass is in the neucleous electons are located ina large space around the neucleous. |
question
| J chadwick |
answer
| proved the existance of the Neutron. |
