question

Z, equals

answer

atomic number--equals number of protons

question

A, equals

answer

mass number--number of protons and neutrons

question

isotopes differ in the number of ______ so they have a different ____ ___

answer

neutrons mass number

question

formula for angular momentum of an electron:

answer

angular momentum = nh/2pi

question

equation for Energy of an electron

answer

E = -Rh/n^2

question

equation for energy of a photon

answer

E = hc/lamda

question

balmer

answer

two

question

lyman

answer

one

question

pauli exclusion principle:

answer

no two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers

question

principle quantum number means

answer

shell: 1,2,3...

question

equation for the maximum number of electrons in an energy level:

answer

2n^2

question

azimuthal quantum number

answer

angular momentum: subshells: s,p,d,f

question

magnetic quantum number stands for:

answer

orbit, so for example: px, py, pz

question

hunds rule:

answer

bus rule: orbitals fill sot hat there are a maximum half filled orbitals with parallel spins

question

paramagnetic

answer

material has unpaired electrons

question

diamagnetic

answer

material has NO unpaired electrons

question

periodic law:

answer

chemical properties of elements are dependent upon their atomic numbers

question

representative elements:

answer

A elements

question

non-representative elements

answer

B elements:

question

transition elements have partly filled ______

answer

d subshells

question

lanthanide and actinide series have partly filled _____

answer

f subshells

question

noble gases also called...

answer

inert gases

question

atomic radii increases across the periodic table:

answer

left and down

question

ionization energy increases across the periodic table:

answer

right and up

question

electronegativity increases across the periodic table:

answer

right and up

question

electron affinity increases across the periodic table:

answer

right and up

question

effective charge increases across the periodic table:

answer

right and up

question

ionization energy:

answer

energy required to completely remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion

question

second ionization is always ____ than the first ionization energy

answer

larger!

question

atomic radii trend is due to...

answer

effective nuclear charge

question

ionization energy trend is due to the fact that

answer

it is harder to remove an electron if it is closer and more tightly bound

question

electron affinity:

answer

energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom--- also the ease with which the atom can accept an electron

question

the stronger the attractive pull of the nucleus for electrons....

answer

the greater the electron affinity will be

question

electron affinity of noble gases is...

answer

about zero because they already possess a stable octet

question

electronegativity:

answer

measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond

question

the greater the electronegativity of an atom the greater its attraction for...

answer

bonding electrons

question

electronegativity is related to

answer

ionization energies

question

categories of elements on periodic table:

answer

1. metals 2. nonmetals 3. metalloids

question

metals have ____ melting points

answer

high

question

metals have ___ densities

answer

high

question

metals are shiny or dull?

answer

shiny --except mercury

question

metals are malleable or brittle?

answer

malleable

question

_____ is the largest, most metallic and least electronegative of all naturally occurring elements

answer

cesium, Cs

question

are metals ductile?

answer

yes

question

ductility:

answer

ability to be drawn into wires

question

characteristics of metals:
____ atomic radius
____ ionization energy
____ electronegativity

answer

large, low, low---- because the few electrons in the valence shell of a metal can easily be removed

question

are metals good conductors?

answer

yes--of heat and electricity

question

most reactive metals are where on the periodic table?

answer

Group IA and IIA

question

most electronegative element?

answer

flourine F, largest electron affinity

question

are nonmentals malleable or brittle?

answer

brittle

question

are nonmetals shiny or dull

answer

dull

question

characteristics of nonmetals:
____ ionization energies
_____ electronegativities

answer

high, high

question

are nonmetals good conductors?

answer

no-of neither heat nor electricity

question

can nonmetals gain electrons easily?

answer

yes

question

_____ can explain all periodic trends as well as chemical properties

answer

effective nuclear charge

question

properties of metalloids:

answer

vary considerably--- densities, bp and mp fluctuate widely

question

metalloids have characteristics of

answer

both metals and nonmetals mixed--- very dependent on element

question

characteristics of metalloids depends greatly on

answer

what element they are being reacted with

question

elements that are metalloids:

answer

boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te)

question

Group IA:

answer

Alkali metals

question

alkali metals have densities ____ than of other metals

answer

lower

question

alkali metals are highly reactive because they have

answer

low ionization energies and easily lose their valence electron

question

Group IIA:

answer

alkaline earth metals

question

removing electrons from alkaline earth metals produces:

answer

divalent cations

question

halogens have _____ physical properties

answer

varying: gas to liquid to solid

question

halogens react well with

answer

alkali metals and alkaline earth metals because they want to donate electrons to the halogens

question

halogen + alkali metal or alkaline earth metal =

answer

stable ionic crystals

question

Group VIII

answer

noble gases

question

noble gases are

answer

fairly nonreactive because of complete valence shell

question

noble gas characteristics:
____ boiling points

answer

low

question

Group IB-VIIIB

answer

transition metals!

question

characteristics of transition metals:
____ melting points
____ boiling points

answer

question

transition metals can exist in a variety of positively charged forms called

answer

oxidation states

question

the formation of complexes by the transition metals causes the orbitals to

answer

split into two energy sublevels

question

rule for filling orbitals:

answer

(n+ l) of each orbital and then see whatever one is a lower number--- fill that one first

so 4s vs. 3d
4 + 0 = 4 and 3 + 2 =5 so fill 4s first

question

if the (n + l) rule results in a tie fill orbital with

answer

lower n value first

question

s

answer

o

question

p

answer

1

question

d

answer

2

question

f

answer

3

question

nucleon:

answer

number of protons + number of neutrons

question

atomic mass is a

answer

weighted average of all isotopes

question

exceptional stability:

answer

fully filled and half filled subshells

question

effective nuclear charge:

answer

attractive, positive charge of the nucleus perceived by a valence electron

question

cations are always

answer

SMALLER

question

O has a lower ionization energy than N because

answer

N is already half filled, removing one from O gives a half filled

question

electron affinity is a ___ number so energy is ____ when an electron is added

answer

negative, released

question

noble gases and half filled orbitals will have a ____ delta E relating to electron affinity because

answer

positive, it doesn't want electrons

question

plancks quantum theory:

answer

energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter exists in discrete bundles called quanta

question

heisenberg uncertainty principle

answer

impossible to know the momentum and position of an electron at the same time

Gen Chem Chapter 1 & 2: Atomic Structure & Periodic Table – Flashcards

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