question

Hypothesis

answer

An unverified explanation of a natural phenomenon

question

Scientific Method

answer

The process of making observations, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and developing a theory that explains a natural event

question

Theory

answer

An explanation of an observation that has been validated by experiments that support a hypothesis

question

2.20

answer

1 kg = ____ lb

question

454

answer

1 lb = ____ g

question

946

answer

_____ mL = 1 qt

question

1.06

answer

1 L = ____ qt

question

2.54

answer

_____ cm = 1 in.

question

39.4

answer

1 m = ____ in.

question

0.621

answer

1 km = ____ miles

question

Mass
Volume

answer

The formula for Density is

question

4.184

answer

1 cal = _______ J

question

TFº= 1.8(TC°) + 32

answer

The formula to change Celsius to Fº is

question

T_K= T_C + 273

answer

The formula to change Celsius to Kelvin is

question

heat cal(or J)
grams x (Change in Temp Cº)

answer

Specific Heat (SH) =

question

mass x ΔT x SH

answer

Heat =

question

1 kcal or 4.184kJ

answer

1 Cal =

question

pure substances

answer

A _______ is matter that has a definite composition. There are two kinds: elements and compounds

question

element

answer

An ______ is the simplest pure substance b/c it is composed of only one kind of material. Ex. Si, Fe, Al

question

compound

answer

A ______ is also a pure substance, but it consists of two or more elements always in the same proportion.

question

mixture

answer

In a _______ two or more substances are physically _____, but not chemically combined

question

homogeneous

answer

In a ________ mixture, also called a solution, the composition is uniform throughout the sample. Ex. air, saltwater

question

Liquid

answer

Has a definite volume but not a definite shape, particles move in random directions but are sufficiently attracted to each other to matin def. vol. not a rigid structure

question

Solid

answer

Has a definite shape and volume, strong attractive forces hold particles close together

question

Gas

answer

Does not have a def. shape or volume. The particles are far apart, have little attraction, move at high speeds, taking shape/vol. of container

question

Heating Curve

answer

[image]

question

Cooling Curve

answer

[image]

question

Group 1 - alkali metals
Group 2 - Alkaline earth metals
Middle Transition elements
Group 7 - Halogens
Group 8 - Noble gases

answer

[image]

question

Green - Metals
Blue - Metalliods
Yellow - Nonmetals

answer

[image]

question

Atomic number

answer

Is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, is used to identify and define each element

question

Mass number

answer

number of protons + number of neutrons

question

Isotopes

answer

are toms of the same element that have diff. number of neutrons

question

atomic mass

answer

the weighed average of the ______ of all the naturally occuring isotopes of that element

question

Atomic size

answer

[image]

question

Ionization Energy

answer

[image]

question

Half life

answer

of a radioisotope is the time for a radiation level to decrease (decay) to one-half of the original value

question

Alpha Decay

answer

4 _He
2
mass number 4 less
atomic number 2 less
shielding: paper, clothing

question

Beta Decay β

answer

0 _e
-1
Mass # - same
Atomic # - +1
shielding: Heavy clothing, lab coats, gloves

question

Metal

answer

_____ atoms lose all their valence electrons from their outermost energy level

question

increases

answer

The size of nonmetal atoms _______ because they gain electrons in the outermost energy level.

question

Ionic bond

answer

Loss and gain of electrons

question

Covalent bond

answer

Sharing of electrons

question

Nonpolar

answer

A covalent bond between atoms with identical or very similar electronegativity values is ________

question

Polar

answer

Atoms with diff. electronegativity values. When electrons are shared unequally, the bond is _____

question

dipole

answer

A polar covalent bond that has a separation of charges is called a
δ⁺and δ ^- , δ⁺ and δ^-

question

Nonpolar
Polar
Ionic

answer

Shared equally H-H 0 - 0.4 -
Shared unequally H δ⁺-Br δ^- 0.5 - 1.7
Electron transfer Na⁺ Cl ^-1.8 +

question

VSEPR theory
Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion

answer

indicates that the electron groups will move as far apart as possible to reduce the repulsion between their negative charges

question

Nonpolar

answer

Molecules with two or more polar bonds can also be ______ if the polar bonds have a symmetrical arrangement in the molecule

question

polar

answer

In a _______ molecule, one end of the molecule is more negatively charged than another end. Occurs when the polar bonds dont cancel each other

question

nonpolar

answer

a _______ molecule occurs when the polar bonds or dipoles in a molecule cancel each other

question

Strongest to weakest

answer

Arranged from....
Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole attractions, dispersion forces

question

bottom of the arrow weakest, top of the arrow strongest

answer

[image]

question

Oxidation

answer

is defined as the loss of electrons

question

Reduction

answer

defined as the gain of electrons

question

REDOX

answer

electrons are transferred from one substance to another

question

oxidized
reduced

answer

In terms of oxidation and reduction atoms of a metal are ________, and atoms of a nonmetal are _______

question

increases
decreases

answer

losing electrons _______ charge
gaining electrons _______ charge

question

6.02 x 10²³
1 mole

answer

Avogadro's number is______ is used as a conversion between the ;moles of a substance and number of particles it contains

question

mass
volume
;

answer

Percent concentration is

question

Soluble

answer

Alkali metals, NH₄⁺¹, NO₃^-1, Cl, Br, I, SO_4^-2

question

NOT SOLUBLE

answer

Ag, Pb, Hg,
(Ca, Sr, Br, P)_{unless + ion is larger}
OH^-1, CO₃^-2, S^-2, PO₄^-3;_{(unless with alkali metals)}

Final Exam Review Answers – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards