Exam 4 Chemistry Review/Study Questions Part 2 – Flashcards
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| Name the disease associated with the following lab tests: Sweat chloride by pilocarpine iontophoresis >60 mmol/L (2-5X ULN)diagnostic |
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| Cystic Fibrosis |
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| Name the disease associated with the following lab tests: Stool wet prep with Sudan III, IV or Oil Red O (qualitative) Fecal fat with 3 day collection based on standardized diet (quantitative) |
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| Fat Malabsorption |
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| Name the disease associated with the following lab tests: Amylase and lipase Increased Triglycerides Increased Serum proteins Decreased Fecal fats |
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| Pancreatitis |
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| Name the disease associated with the following lab tests: Highly Increased Fasting Gastin Levels High HCl |
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| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
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| Name the disease associated with the following lab tests: Schilling Test (radioactive vit B12 assesses absorption); given with or without IF Measure r-B12 in urine |
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| Pernicious Anemia |
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| Name the disease associated with the following lab tests: Occult Blood screen, X 3 (Blood reacts with peroxidase reagent -gum guiac. Dietary restrictions) CEA |
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| GI Carcinoma |
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| What is the 4th leading cause of cancer death in U.S.A.? |
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| Pancreatic Carcinoma |
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| What is the cause of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome? |
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| Gastrin-secreting tumors of the pancreas (gastrinomas) |
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| What is the cause of Pernicious Anemia? |
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| Insufficient intrinsic factor to absorb vit B12 Mainly due to anti-parietal antibodies (autoimmune) |
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| What is the most common disturbance of CHO digestion? |
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| Lactose Intolerance |
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| Water is up to what percent of total body weight? |
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| 75% |
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| What percent of plasma is water? |
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| 90% |
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| What 2 mechanisms control the transport of ions across a membrane? |
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| *Active transport involving ATP *Diffusion, depending on size and charge of the ion, hormones |
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| When Na+ is reabsorbed, what follows to maintain electrical neutrality? |
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| Cl= |
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| As Na+ is absorbed, ____ & ____ are excreted to maintain cation balance. |
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| K+ & H+ |
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| Calcium is reabsorbed under the influence of ________ |
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| PTH |
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| Most Na+ is reabsorbed where? |
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| In the Proximal Tubules |
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| More Na+ can be reabsorbed in the distal tubules under the influence of ________ |
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| Aldosterone |
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| The final adjustment to water is made where? |
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| Distal Tubules / Collecting Ducts |
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| The final adjustment to water is made under the influence of what? |
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| AVP (ADH) |
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| What is the Major Contributor to Osmolality? |
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| Na+ |
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| Other than Na+, what else contributes to Osmolality? |
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| Cl, Glucose, BUN, Proteins, Lipids |
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| What are considered "Abnormal" contributors to Osmolality? |
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| alcohols, ketones, lactic acid, Increased glucose, Increased protein |
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| Where is most iron found in the body? |
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| In RBCs |
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| State the storage form of iron |
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| Ferritin |
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| State the carrier protein of iron |
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| Transferrin |
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| What type of disorder is associated with iron overload, cirrhosis, arthritis, and heart failure? |
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| Hemochromatosis |
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| Describe the blood smear associated with IDA |
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| Microcytic, hypochromic |
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| What is the most common cause of IDA? |
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| Chronic blood loss |
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| Calculate the % Tf Saturation. Total iron = 125. TIBC = 300 |
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| 125/300 = 42% |
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| With what condition is 42% TF Saturation consistent with? |
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| Normal |
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| Calculate the % Tf Saturation. Total iron = 50 TIBC = 475 |
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| 50/475 = 10% |
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| With what condition is 10% TF Saturation consistent with? |
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| IDA or Chronic Disease |
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| Match the results with the condition: Iron Increased TIBC Decreased % Saturation Increased |
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| Hemochromatosis |
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| Match the results with the condition: Iron Decreased TIBC Increased % Saturation Decreased |
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia |
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| Match the results with the condition: Iron Decreased TIBC Decreased % Saturation Decreased |
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| Anemia of Chronic Disease |
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| Given the Primary Function Name the Trace Element: Collagen and RBC formation |
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| Copper |
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| Given the Primary Function Name the Trace Element: Wound healing, immune response, sensory |
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| Zinc |
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| Given the Primary Function Name the Trace Element: Constituent of Vit B12 |
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| Cobalt |
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| Given the Primary Function Name the Trace Element: Aids insulin |
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| Chromium |
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| Given the Primary Function Name the Trace Element: Enzyme activator, reproduction |
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| Manganese |
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| Given the Trace Element Name the Primary Function: Copper |
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| Collagen and RBC formation |
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| Given the Trace Element Name the Primary Function: Zinc |
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| Wound healing, immune response, sensory |
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| Given the Trace Element Name the Primary Function: Cobalt |
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| Constituent of Vit B12 |
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| Given the Trace Element Name the Primary Function: Chromium |
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| Aids insulin |
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| Given the Trace Element Name the Primary Function: Manganese |
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| Enzyme activator, reproduction |
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| List the Reference Range for pH |
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| 7.34-7.45 |
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| List the Reference Range for pCO2 |
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| 35-45 mm Hg |
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| List the Reference Range for HCO3 |
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| 22-26 mEq/L |
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| What is the major form of total CO2 in the blood? |
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| Bicarbonate (HCO3) |
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| What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid? |
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| 20:1 |
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| What is the RBC buffering system that works with HCO3? |
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| Chloride shift |
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| What blood gas is the respiratory component? |
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| pCO2 |
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| What organ regulates the respiratory component of blood gas? |
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| Lungs |
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| What substance makes up the metabolic component? |
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| HCO3 |
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| What organ regulates the metabolic component of blood gas? |
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| Kidneys |
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| What is the lungs response to metabolic acidosis? |
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| Hyperventilation |
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| What is the kidneys response to metabolic alkalosis? |
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| HCO3 is secreted H+ is reabsorbed |
