Chemistry 111 Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Atom & composition |
answer
| -basic unit of an element that can enter into a chemical combination -composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
question
| Protons(charge and mass) |
answer
| - (+) or +1 - m=1837 times that of an electron - actual mass= 1.673 x10^(-24) |
question
| Electron(charge and mass) |
answer
| -(-) or -1 - mass=9.110x10^(-28) - mass=1/1837 of a H atom |
question
| Ions (names of (+/-)) |
answer
| - cations- (+) - loses electrons -anions- (-) - gains electrons |
question
| Atomic number is the number of.. |
answer
| - number of protons |
question
| Mass number is the number of.. |
answer
| - protons and neutrons |
question
| Isotopes |
answer
| - atoms with the same number of protons/atomic# but has different mass numbers |
question
| Atomic weight |
answer
| - average mass of all naturally occuring isotopes of that element - takes into account relative abundance of the elements isotopes |
question
| Percent abundance |
answer
| - % of atoms of a natural sample of the pure element represented by a particular isotope to describe isotope composition for an element |
question
| Periodic Table (horiz/vert) |
answer
| - Horizontal- period - Vertical- group |
question
| Group 1A |
answer
| - alkali metals - very reactive -shiny solids that react vigorously with air, water, |
question
| Group 2A |
answer
| - alkaline earth metals - not quite as reactive - react with water to form alkaline solutions |
question
| Group 6A |
answer
| - chalogens |
question
| Group 7A |
answer
| - halogens |
question
| Group 8A |
answer
| - noble gases - rare gases/ inert gases - least reactive elements |
question
| Representative elements |
answer
| - main group elements - group number followed by letter A |
question
| Transition metals |
answer
| - Group # followed by letter B |
question
| Lanthanides and Actinides |
answer
| - portions of periods 6 and 7 that are below the main body |
question
| Metal properties |
answer
| - good conductors of heat and electricity -high luster (shiny) - high melting point - high density - solids at room temperature (Hg- mercury- liquid) |
question
| Nonmetal properties |
answer
| -poor conductors of heat and electricity - no lustrous, relative dull - low melting point and density - C, P, S, SE, I are solids -Br- liquid - the rest are gases H, N, O, F, Cl, He, Ar, Kr, Xe, Ra |
question
| Metalloids or semimetals |
answer
| - intermediate between properties of metal and nonmetals - raw materials or semiconductors device that make the electronic industry possible - B, Si, Ge, Te, Sb, As, Po |
question
| Molecules |
answer
| - aggregate of at least 2 atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces/ chemical bonds -smallest unit of a compound |
question
| Diatomic molecule |
answer
| - 2 atoms |
question
| Allotropes |
answer
| - one or two or more distinct forms of an element - differ in chemical and physical propterties |
question
| Covalent (molecular) compound |
answer
| - all elements in the compund are nonmetals - contain discrete molecular units - inorganic acids -many are binary compounds (02) |
question
| Molecular covalent compound |
answer
| -molecule formed by covalent bonds in which atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
question
| Network Covalent Compound |
answer
| - chemical compound in which atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network (SiO2) - there are no individual molecules and the entire crystal may be considered a macromolecule |
question
| Molecular vs Empirical formula |
answer
| -Molecular- shows the exact # of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance -Empirical- shows the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in a substance molecule |
question
| Structural Forumula |
answer
| -shows linkage of all the atoms in the molecule |
question
| Condensed structural forumla |
answer
| -lists atoms present in groups to indicate connectivity between the atoms |
question
| Molecular Compound naming |
answer
| - cation first, then anion -first element listed is the one "more metal like" -prefixes are written before the name of the element to indicate # of atoms present |
question
| Mono, Di, Tri, deca, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca, dodeca |
answer
| 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
question
| Molecular compound exceptions-NH3 |
answer
| -Ammonia |
question
| Molecular compound exceptions-CH4 |
answer
| -methane |
question
| Molecular compound exceptions-H20 |
answer
| -water |
question
| Molecular compound exceptions-PH3 |
answer
| -phosphine |
question
| Molecular compound exceptions-H2S |
answer
| -hydrogen sulfide |
question
| Molecular compound exceptions-B2H6 |
answer
| - diborane |
question
| Hydrocarbon |
answer
| -carbon and hydrogen compounds -simplest of all organic compounds -used as fuels starting material for chemistry industry |
question
| How are organic compounds determined |
answer
| -by functional groups chemically bound to parents compound |
question
| Functional group -OH |
answer
| -hydroxyl group -alcohol |
question
| Functional group -NH2 |
answer
| - amino group -amine |
question
| Functional group -COOH |
answer
| -carbonxyl group -carboxylic acid- organic acid |
question
| Organic chemistry |
answer
| -the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon compound and functional groups |
question
| Alkanes |
answer
| -have no branches -*SINGLE* carbon chain/bond -formula: CnH2n+2 where n is greater or equal to 1 |
question
| Alkenes |
answer
| -contains *at least one* carbon-carbon *double bond* -formula: CnH2n where n is greater or equal to 1 |
question
| Alkynes |
answer
| -contain at *least one* carbon-carbon *triple bond* -formula: CnH2n-2 where n is greater or equal to 1 |
question
| Acid |
answer
| -produces H+ ions in water - any substance that dissolves and dissociated into ions and one is H+ |
question
| Naming acids |
answer
| - H cation called hydro- - anion with the -ide ending becomes -ic |
question
| Rules to writing acids |
answer
| -write the prefix hydro- - followed by the stem of the 2nd element of the suffix add ic -add the word acid -make sure to add aqueous (aq) after the word "acid" |
question
| Oxoacids |
answer
| - acids where anion is polyatomic |
question
| How to name Oxoacids |
answer
| -if the ending is -ite -> change to -ous if the ending is -ate -> change to -ic - if there are more than 2 ions in the series, prefixes "hypo" (less than) and "per" (more than) are used |
question
| NO3- (name and oxoacidic name & formula if applicable) |
answer
| -Nitrate -HNO3 nitric acid |
question
| oxoanions |
answer
| - polyatomic ions containing oxygen - contain different numbers of oxygen -are named by the number of oxygen in the ion -if there are 2 in series, the one with more oxygen atoms ends in -ate -the one with few ends with -ite -more than 2 ions in the series, "hypo" and "per" are used |
question
| Ionic Compounds |
answer
| -formed from cations and anions -species that carry a net (+) or(-) charge -most are solids with a high melting point - |
question
| Monatomic ion |
answer
| -single atom ion -EX:K+, O-2, Al3+ |
question
| Polyatomic ion |
answer
| - two or more ions |
question
| Polyatomic ion: SO42- |
answer
| -sulfate |
question
| Polyatomic ion:No3- |
answer
| -nitrate |
question
| Polyatomic ion: NH4+ |
answer
| -Ammonium |
question
| Polyatomic ion: OH- |
answer
| -hydroxide |
question
| Elements in the same group have... |
answer
| -similar chemical and physical properties |
question
| A groups |
answer
| -are the main-group elements -also called the representative elements |
question
| B groups |
answer
| -are transition metals |
question
| Crisscross rule |
answer
| -the subscript on the cation is numerically equal to the charge of the anion and the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge of the cation |
question
| Polyatomic ions |
answer
| -groups of covalently bonded ions |
question
| Carbonate Formula |
answer
| CO32- |
question
| Hydrocarbonate or bicarbonate Formula |
answer
| HCO3- |
question
| Nitrate Formula |
answer
| NO3- |
question
| Permaganate Formula |
answer
| KMnO4 |
question
| Phosphate Formula |
answer
| PO43- |
question
| Ionic compund rules and properties |
answer
| -formula written in the empirical -they are 3-D crystal networks -formula tells cations to anions -charges in ionic compounds MUST equal 0 |
question
| Chemical forumlas |
answer
| - express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols -indicates number of elements and relative number of atoms in a compound -change the number in a subscript and you change the compound |
question
| Ionic Compound naming rules |
answer
| -write the name of the cation -write the name of the stem for the anion and add the suffix "-ide" |
question
| Name the polyatomic ion: KNO3 |
answer
| -KNO3= potassium nitrate |
question
| Name the polyatomic ion: Fe(OH)2 |
answer
| - iron(II) hydroxide |
question
| Name the polyatomic ion: KNO2 |
answer
| - Potassium nitrite |
question
| Inorganic compounds |
answer
| - formed from more than 3 elements -one or more of the ions is polyatomic |
question
| Only metal liquid at RT |
answer
| -mercury (Hg) |
question
| Only liquid nonmetal at RT |
answer
| -bromine Br |
question
| 11 gases at RT |
answer
| -hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon |
question
| Naming Inorganic Compounds |
answer
| -identify the ions -name the cations in order given and follow with the names of the anions |
question
| NaHCO3 |
answer
| Sodium Hydrogen carbonate |
question
| NaHSO4 |
answer
| Sodium hydrogen sulfate |
question
| Transition metals |
answer
| -uses the stock |
question
| Stock system |
answer
| - for transition metals -when a compound contains a metal that forms more than one cation, the charge on the cation or the metal is designated by a roman numeral immediately following the name of the metal |
question
| Transition metals naming rules |
answer
| -Write the name of the cation -write the charge of the cation as roman numerals in (...) - write the stem of the anion and add "-ide" |
question
| Copper(II) oxide |
answer
| -CuO |
question
| Iron(III) chloride |
answer
| FeCl3 |
question
| Chromium(VI) sulfide |
answer
| CrS3 |
question
| Classical nomenclature |
answer
| -when a metaalic ion has only 2 types of cations, the name of the metal is modified with suffixes -ous (for the lower charge) and "-ic" (for the higher charge) |
question
| Covalent |
answer
| -contain only nonmetals -are named using prefixes to indicate # of each element in the formula |
question
| Ionic |
answer
| -contain monatomic and polyatomic ions -usually contain metals and nonmetals -NEVER named using prefixes -sometimes name with cation charge in roman numerals |
question
| n |
answer
question
| Wedge-and-dash Model |
answer
| -is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that can easily be drawn on paper - bonds are represented by lines (bonds that lie in the plane of the paper) -wedges (bonds that lie in front of the plane of the paper) -dashes (bonds that lie behind the plane of the paper) |
question
| Ball and-stick Model |
answer
| -shows atoms as colored spheres connected by sticks that represent covalent bonds. |
question
| Space-filling model |
answer
| -interpenetrating spheres represent the relative amount of space occupied by each atom in the molecule |
question
| Most common covalent bond categories |
answer
| -binary nonmetals and inorganic acids |
question
| Binary nonmetal compounds |
answer
| -consist of only two elements, both nonmetals - named using prefixes and -ide |
question
| Hydrogen peroxide |
answer
| -H2O2 |
question
| Hydrazine |
answer
| -N2H4 |
question
| Nitric oxide |
answer
| NO |
question
| Inorganic acids |
answer
| -form H+ ions when dissolved in water -compounds that contain hyderogen and one or more nonmetals |
question
| Inorganic acids are named... |
answer
| -like binary compounds but without prefixes |
question
| hydrogen halides are named... gas phase...aqueous phase.... |
answer
| -like binary compounds *when in gas form* - are named with common names when aqueous |
question
| Metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A form.... ions and there charge is |
answer
| -equal to the group number of the element. |
question
| Nonmetals in Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A form....ions and there charge is |
answer
| -equal to 8 minus the group number of the element. |
question
| CN2- |
answer
| -Cyanide |
question
| CH3CO2- |
answer
| -Acetate |
question
| S2O3^2- |
answer
| -Thiosulfate |
