Chapter 4 Ionic Theory of Solutions and Solubility Rules – Flashcards
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| ionic theory of solutions |
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| certain substances produce freely moving ions when they dissolve in water, and these ions conduct an electric current in an aqueous solution |
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| electrolyte |
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| substance that dissolves in water to give an electrically conducting solution (salt) |
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| nonelectrolyte |
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| substance that dissolves in water to give a nonducting solution (sucrose) |
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| how strong or weak electrolytes are depend on... |
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| how many ions dissolve in solution (strong electrolyte- most dissolve as ions) |
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| solubility |
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| ability to dissolve |
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| spectator ion |
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| an ion in an ionic equation that does not take part in the reaction |
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| net ionic equation |
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| an ionic equation from which spectator ions have been canceled |
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| precitate |
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| an insoluble solid compound formed during a chemical reaction in solution |
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| precipitation reactions |
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| two ionic substances is mixed to form a solid ionic substance |
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| exchange (or metathesis) reaction |
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| a reaction between compounds that appears to involve the exchange of parts between the two reactants |
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| acid |
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| the molecule or ion that donates a proton to another |
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| base |
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| the molecule or ion that accepts a proton in a reaction |
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| strong acid/weak acid |
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| strong acid-ionizes completely in water; is a strong electrolyte weak acid- partly ionizes in water; is a weak electrolyte |
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| strong base/weak base |
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| strong electrolyte/weak electryolyte |
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| neutralization reaction |
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| a reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic compound and possibly water |
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| oxidation-reduction reactions |
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| involve the transfer of electrons between reactants |
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| half-reaction |
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| combination reaction |
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| a reaction in which two substances combine to form a third substance |
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| decomposition reaction |
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| a reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more substances |
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| displacement reaction |
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| a reaction in which an element reacts with a compound, displacing an element from it |
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| acid-base reaction |
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| a reaction in which an acid substance reacts with a base. involves the transfer of a proton |
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| combustion reaction |
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| a reaction in which a substance in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce flame |
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| molarity |
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| the molar concentration of the moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution |
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| gravimetric analysis |
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| quantitative analysis in which the amount of a species in a material is determined by converting the speicies to a prouduct that can be isolated completely and weighted |
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| quantitative analysis |
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| the determination of the amount of a substance present in a material |
