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Curcumene C15H22 structure – Flashcards

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Contents

Retention Index (Kovats):
Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₂₂
Average mass	202.335 Da
Density	0.9±0.1 g/cm³
Boiling Point	276.3±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	117.2±9.0 °C
Molar Refractivity	68.3±0.3 cm³
Polarizability	27.1±0.5 10^-24cm³
Surface Tension	30.0±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume	231.7±3.0 cm³

Experimental data
Predicted – ACD/Labs
Predicted – EPISuite
Predicted – ChemAxon

Gas Chromatography

Retention Index (Kovats):

1524 (estimated with error: 55) NIST Spectra mainlib_249520, replib_141047, replib_163073

1469 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 3 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Srivastava, A.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamsundar, K.V., Volatile composition of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizome from central and southern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 21, 2006, 423-426.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1479 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 15 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasunder, K.V., Essential oil composition of Acorus calamus L. from the lower region of the Himalayas, Flavour Fragr. J., 18, 2003, 18-20.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1446 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 225 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 3 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SPB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Jena, B.S.; Negi, P.S.; Sakariah, K.K., Evaluation of antioxidant activities and antimutagenicity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin production, Z. Naturforsch. C:, 57c, 2002, 828-835.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1503 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60 C ^ 5 C/min -> 220 C (5 min) ^ 3 C/min -> 245 C (5 min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Khan, M.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Singh, M.; Naqvi, A.A., Chemical composition of leaf and flower essential oil of Lantana camara from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 17, 2002, 75-77.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1480 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Mevy, J.P.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Dherbomez, M.; Viano, J., Composition and some biological activities of the essential oils from an African pasture grass: Elionurus elegans Kunth., J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2002, 4240-4243.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1477 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 15 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasunder, K.V., The essential oil of ‘greater galangal’ [Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.] from the lower Himalayan region of India, Flavour Fragr. J., 17, 2002, 358-360.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1471 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.55 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 15 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Jain, N.; Ahmad, A.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Aggarwal, K.K., Essential oil composition of Curcuma longa L. cv. Roma from the plains of northern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 17, 2002, 99-102.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1458 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 6 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 240 C; End time: 10 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Raharivelomanana, P.; Cambon, A.; Azzaro, M.; Bianchini, J.-P.; Claude-Lafontaine, A.; George, G., Volatile Constituents of Neocallitropsis pancheri (Carriere) de Laubenfels Heartwood Extracts (Cupressaceae), J. Essent. Oil Res., 5, 1993, 587-595.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1447 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.83 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 15 K/min; Start T: 90 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Carter, C.D.; Gianfagna, T.J.; Sacalis, J.N., Sesquiterpenes in glandular trichomes of a wild tomato species and toxicity to the Colorado potato beetle, J. Agric. Food Chem., 37(5), 1989, 1425-1428.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1480.5 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 170 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SF-96; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Andersen, N.H.; Syrdal, D.D.; Lawrence, B.M.; Terhune, S.J.; Hogg, J.W., Widespread occurrence of two heteroannular dienes of the cadalane skeleton, Phytochemistry, 12, 1973, 827-833.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1475 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60C(5min) =>2C/min =>140C= 5C/min =>250C(5min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Tuberoso, C.I.G.; Kowalczyk, A.; Coroneo, V.; Russo, M.T.; Dessi, S.; Cabras, P., Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica All., J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2005, 10148-10153., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Substrate: Chromosorb G; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Andersen, N.H.; Falcone, M.S., The identification of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from gas-liquid chromatography retention data, J. Chromatogr., 44, 1969, 52-59.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1483 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Akrout, A.; Chemli, R.; Chreif, I.; Hammami, M., Analysis of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L., Flavour Fragr. J., 16, 2001, 337-339., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 30 min; Start time: 8 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Faleiro, M.L.; Miguel, M.G., Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus and Origanum Species from Algeria and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2006, 6314-6321., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 240 C; End time: 20 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Mita, E.; Tsitsimpikou, C.; Tsiveleka, L.; Petrakis, P.V.; Ortiz, A.; Vagias, C.; Roussis, V., Seasonal Variation of Oleoresin Terpenoids from Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea and Host Selection of the Scale Insect Marchalina hellenica (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Margarodidae, Coelostonidiinae), Holzforschung, 56, 2002, 572-578., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 246 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SE-54; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Adams, R.P., Systematics of the one seeded Juniperus of the eastern hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 28, 2000, 529-543.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1486 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60 0C (8 min) ^ 3 K/min -> 180 0C ^ 20 K/min (20 min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Frizzo, C.D.; Serafini, L.A.; Dellacassa, E.; Lorenzo, D.; Moyna, P., Essential oil of Baccharis uncinella DC. from Southern Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 16, 2001, 286-288., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 246 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Adams, R.P.; Morris, J.A.; Pandey, R.N.; Schwarzbach, A.E., Cryptic speciation between Juniperus deltoides and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 33, 2005, 771-787.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1484 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 155 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Apiezon L; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Andersen, N.H.; Syrdal, D.D.; Lawrence, B.M.; Terhune, S.J.; Hogg, J.W., Widespread occurrence of two heteroannular dienes of the cadalane skeleton, Phytochemistry, 12, 1973, 827-833., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 250 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 10 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W., Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 33, 2005, 17-26., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: da Silva, M.H.L.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Luz, A.I.R.; da Silva, J.D.; Maia, J.G.S., The essential oils of Lantana camara L. occurring in North Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 14, 1999, 208-210.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1481 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 200 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Juliani, H.R.; Zygadlo, J.A.; Scrivanti, R.; de la Sota, E.; Simon, J.E., The essential oil of Anemia tomentosa (Savigny) Sw. var. anthriscifolia (Schrad.) Mickel, Flavour Fragr. J., 19, 2004, 541-543., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 210 C; End time: 120 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Loayza, I.; Abujder, D.; Aranda, R.; Jakupovic, J.; Collin, G.; Deslauriers, H.; Jean, F.-I., Essential oils of Baccharis salicifolia, B. latifolia and B. dracunculifolia, Phytochemistry, 38(2), 1995, 381-389.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1478 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 220 C; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 8 CB; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Schwob, I.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Masotti, V.; Viano, J., Changes in essential oil composition in Saint John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) aerial parts during its phenological cycle, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 32, 2004, 735-745.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1482 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Amparo Blazquez, M.; Perez, I.; Boira, H., Essential oil analysis of Teucrium libanitis and T. turredanum by GC and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 18, 2003, 497-501.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1472 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 280 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ozcan, M.; Tzakou, O.; Couladis, M., Essential oil composition of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss. ; Heldr.), Flavour Fragr. J., 18, 2003, 325-327.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1500 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 230 C; End time: 2 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Buchin, S.; Salmon, J.-C.; Carnat, A.-P.; Berger, T.; Bugaud, C.; Bosset, J.O., Identification de composes monoterpeniques, sesquiterpeniques et benzeniques dans un lait d’alpage tres riche en ces substances, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 93, 2002, 199-216.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1497.5 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 195 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Apiezon L; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Andersen, N.H.; Falcone, M.S.; Syrdal, D.D., Sesquiterpenes-identification of dehydrogenation products, Phytochemistry, 9, 1970, 1341-1343.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1790 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 3 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Stabilwax; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Faleiro, M.L.; Miguel, M.G., Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus and Origanum Species from Algeria and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2006, 6314-6321.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1800 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60 0C (8 min) ^ 3 K/min -> 180 0C ^ 20 K/min -> 230 0C (20 min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-Innowax; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.50 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Frizzo, C.D.; Serafini, L.A.; Dellacassa, E.; Lorenzo, D.; Moyna, P., Essential oil of Baccharis uncinella DC. from Southern Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 16, 2001, 286-288.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1772 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 210 C; End time: 120 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Supelcowax-10; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Loayza, I.; Abujder, D.; Aranda, R.; Jakupovic, J.; Collin, G.; Deslauriers, H.; Jean, F.-I., Essential oils of Baccharis salicifolia, B. latifolia and B. dracunculifolia, Phytochemistry, 38(2), 1995, 381-389.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1798 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 70 C; End T: 210 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Randriamiharisoa, R.P.; Gaydou, E.M., Composition of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) essential oil from Madagascar, J. Agric. Food Chem., 35(1), 1987, 62-66.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1787.5 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 165 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Andersen, N.H.; Syrdal, D.D.; Lawrence, B.M.; Terhune, S.J.; Hogg, J.W., Widespread occurrence of two heteroannular dienes of the cadalane skeleton, Phytochemistry, 12, 1973, 827-833.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1788 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 165 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Andersen, N.H.; Falcone, M.S., The identification of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from gas-liquid chromatography retention data, J. Chromatogr., 44, 1969, 52-59.) NIST Spectra nist ri

Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

1475 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 40C=>3C/min =>100C =>5C/min =>230C(2min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Chokeprasert P.; Charles A.L.; Sue K.H.; Huang T.C., Volatile components of the leaves, fruits and seeds of wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels], J. Food Comp. Anal., 20, 2007, 52-56., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 45 0C ^ 3 0C/min -> 175 0C ^ 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (10 min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: Hydrogen; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Mendes, M.D.; Trindade, H.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Fontinha, S.S.; Pedro, L.G., Volatile and molecular characterization of two Portuguese endemic species: Angelica lignescens and Melanoselinium decipiens, Biochen. Systematics Ecol., 37, 2009, 98-105., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 45 0C ^ 3 0C/min -> 175 0C ^ 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (10 min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: Hydrogen; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Mendes, M.D.; Trindade, H.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Pedro, L.G.; Barroso, J.G., Chaerophyllum azoricun Trel. grown in the Azores archipelago, Portugal: evaluation of the genetic diversity using molecular markers and comparison with volatile oils profiles, Flavour Fragr. J., 24, 2009, 259-265., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 45C=>3C/min=>170C=>15C/min=>300C(10min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Pedro, L.G.; da Silva, J.A.; Barroso, J.G.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Deans, S.G.; Looman, A.; Scheffer, J.J.C., Composition of the essential oil fo Chaerophyllum azoricum Trel., an endemic species of the Azores archipelago, Flavour Fragr. J., 14, 1999, 287-289., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 45C=>3C/min=>175C=>15C/min=>240C(10min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G.; Fontinha, S.S.; Looman, A.; Scheffer, J.J.C., Composition of the essential oil of Monizia edulis Lowe, an endemic species of the Madeira Archipelago, Flavour Fragr. J., 12, 1997, 29-31., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 45C=>3C/min=>175C=>15C/min=>300C(10min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Santos, P.A.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G.; Scheffer, J.J.C., Composition of the essential oil of Hypericum foliosum Aiton from five Azorean islands, Flavour Fragr. J., 14, 1999, 283-286., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 240 C; End time: 5 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Miyazawa, M.; Kawata, J., Identification of the Key Aroma Compounds in Dried Roots of Rubia cordifolia, L. Oleo Sci., 55(1), 2006, 37-39., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 180 C; Start time: 10 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Jantan, I.; Ahmad, A.S.; Bakar, S.A.A.; Ahmad, A.R.; Trockenbrodt, M.; Chak, C.V., Constituents of the essential oil of Baeckea frutescens L. from Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 13, 1998, 245-247., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CBP-1; Carrier gas: Nitrogen; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ly, T.N.; Yamauchi, R.; KAto, K., Volatile components of the essential oils in Galanga (Alpina officinarum Hance) from Vietnam, Food Sci. Technol. Res., 7(4), 2001, 303-306., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 210 C; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CBP-1; Carrier gas: Nitrogen; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ly, T.N.; Yamauchi, R.; KAto, K., Volatile components of the essential oils in Galanga (Alpina officinarum Hance) from Vietnam, Food Sci. Technol. Res., 7(4), 2001, 303-306., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: RTX-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Kalemba, D., Constituents of the essential oil of Artemisia asiatica Nakai, Flavour Fragr. J., 14, 1999, 173-176., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 80 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.17 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Gopalakrishnan, M.; Menon, N.; Padmakumari, K.P.; Jayalekshmy, A.; Narayanan, C.S., GC Analysis and Odor Profiles of Four New Indian Genotypes of Piper nigrum L., J. Essent. Oil Res., 5, 1993, 247-253., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: OV-101; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Kuiate, J.-R.; Zollo, P.-H.A.; Nguefa, E.H.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Lamaty, G.; Menut, C., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) O. Kuntze and Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Less. growing in Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 14, 1999, 82-84.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1473 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 230 C; End time: 30 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: RTX-1; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Museli, A.; Pau, M.; Desjobert, J.-M.; Foddai, M.; Usai, M.; Costa, J., Volatile constituents of Achllea ligustica All. by HS-SPME/GC/GC-MS. Comparison with essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Corsica and Sardinia, Chromatographia, 69(5/6), 2009, 575-585., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: RTX-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Kalemba, D.; Thiem, B., Constituents of the essential oils of four micropropagated Solidago species, Flavour Fragr. J., 19, 2004, 40-43., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Schroder, M.; Wahlburg, H.-C.; Kaul, V.K., The sesquiterpene fraction of the essential oil of Artemisia laciniata Willd., Flavour Fragr. J., 12, 1997, 315-325., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.39 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Thefeld, K.; Subba, G.C., Constituents of the essential oil from the rhizomes of Hedychium gardnerianum Roscoe, Flavour Fragr. J., 13, 1998, 377-388., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Splittgerber, U.; Wolf, D.; Surburg, H., Constituents of Haitian vetiver oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 15, 2000, 395-412., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.39 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Thefeld, K.; Rustaiyan, A., Constituents of the essential oil of Tanacetum (syn. Chrysanthemum) fruticulosum Ledeb. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 14, 1999, 112-120.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1467 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 230 C; End time: 35 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: RTX-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Paolini, J.; Tomi, P.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Bradesi, P.; Casanova, J.; Kaloustian, J., Detailed analysis of the essential oil from Cistus albidus L. by combination of GC/RI, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, N.Z. J. Agric. Res., 22(14), 2008, 1270-1278., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 260 C; Start time: 40 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.4 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Baser, K.H.C.; Ozek, T.; Demirci, B.; Kurkcuoglu, M.; Aytac, Z.; Duman, H., Composition of the essential oils of Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link and Ferula elaeochytris Korovin from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 15, 2000, 371-372.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1481 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 45C =>1C/min =>100C=> 5C/min =>250C (10min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SE-52; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.15 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Tognolini, M.; Barocelli, E.; Ballabeni, V.; Bruni, R.; Bianchi, A.; Chiavarini, M.; Impicciatore, M., Comparative screening of plant essential oils: Phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity, Life Sciences, 78, 2006, 1419-1432., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60 0C (2 min) ^ 5 0C/min -> 160 0C (1 min) ^ 10 0C/min -> 280 0C (3 min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 8 CB; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Radusiene, J.; Judzentiene, A.; Peciulyte, D.; Janulis, V., Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Assay of Acorus calamus Leaves from Different Wild Populations, Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 5(1), 2007, 37-44., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60C(1min) =>5C/min =>160C =>5C/min =>250C(3min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 8 CB; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Nivinskiene, O.; Butkiene, R.; Mockute, D., Chemical composition of seed (fruit) essential oils of Angelica archangelica L. growing wild in Lithuania, Chemija, 16(3-4), 2005, 51-54., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60C(2min) =>5C/min =>160C(1min) =>10C/min=>250C (5min); CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 8 CB; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Judpentiene, A.; Mockute, D., Chemical composition of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood) growing wild in Vilnius, Chemija, 15(4), 2004, 64-68., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 240 C; End time: 7 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Duarte, M.C.T.; Figueira, G.M.; Sartoratto, A.; Rehder, V.L.G.; Delarmelina, C., Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants, J. Ethnopharmacol., 97, 2005, 305-311., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 250 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 8 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5 MS; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Sahraoui, N.; Vian, M.A.; Bornard, I.; Boutekedjiret, C.; Chemat, F., Improved microwave steam distillation apparatus for isolation of essential oils. Comparison with conventional steam distillation, J. Chromatogr. A., 1210, 2008, 229-233., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 260 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Javidnia, K.; Miri, R.; Kamalinejad, M.; Mehdipour, A.R., Composition of the essential oil of Diplotaenia cachrydifolia Boiss. from Iran, J. Ess. Oil Res., 18, 2006, 86-87., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 280 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5 MS; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Vagionas, K.; Graikou, K.; Ngassapa, O.; Runyoro, D.; Chinou, I., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of three Satureja species growing in Tansania, Food Chem., 103, 2007, 319-324., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 3 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Hymete, A.; Rohloff, J.; Iversen, T.-H., Essential oil from seeds and husks of Aframomum corrorima from Ethiopia, Flavour Fragr. J., 21, 2006, 642-644., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Carrier gas: Helium; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ozcan, M.M.; Chalchat, J.C., Chemical Composition od Carrot Seeds (Daucus carota L.) Cultivated in Turkey: Characterization of the Seed Oil and Essential Oil, Grasas y Aceites, 58(4), 2007, 359-365.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1479 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 250 C; End time: 2 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: SE-54; Carrier gas: Hydrogen; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Kollmannsberger, H.; Nitz, S.; Drawert, F., UBer die Aromastoffzusammensetzung von Hochdruckextrakten. I. Pfeffer (Piper nigrum, Var. muntok), Z. Lebensm. Unters Forsch., 194, 1992, 545-551., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Cherchi, G.; Deidda, D.; de Gioannis, B.; Marongiu, B.; Pompei, R.; Porcedda, S., Extraction of Santolina insularis essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide: influence of some process parameters and biological activity, Flavour Fragr. J., 16, 2001, 35-43., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 280 C; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-5 MS; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Capetanos, C.; Saroglou, V.; Marin, P.D.; Simic, A.; Skaltsa, H.D., Essential oil snalysis of two endemic Eringium species from Serbia, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 72(10), 2007, 961-965., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 95 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Pala-Paul, J.; Brophy, J.J.; Perez-Alonso, M.J.; Usano, J.; Soria, S.C., Essential oil composition of the different parts of Eryngium corniculatum Lam. (Apiaceae) from Spain, J. Chromatogr. A, 1175, 2007, 289-293.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1465 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C (3 min) ^ 3 0C/min -> 100 0C ^ 2.7 0C/min -> 140 0C ^ 2.4 0C/min -> 180 0C ^ 6 0C/min -> 250 0C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP-Sil; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Proffit, M., Mediation chimique et structuration des communautes d’hymenopteres parasites du mutualisme figuier / pollinisateur (These pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Universite Montpellier II) (Dissertation), 2007., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 250 C; End time: 40 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: HP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Filippi, J.-J.; Lanfranchi, D.-A.; Prado, S.; Baldovini, N.; Meierhenrich, U.J., Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica All. from Corsica, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2006, 6308-6313.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1484 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C ^ m6 0C/min -> 140 0C ^ 5 0C/min -> 160 0C (1 min) ^ 10 0C/min -> 200 0C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Courtois, E.A.; Paine, C.E.; Blandinieres, P.-A.; Stien, D.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Houel, E.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J., Diversity of the volatile organic compounds emitted by 55 species of tropical trees: a survey in French Guiana, J. Chem. Ecol., 35, 2009, 1349-1362., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C(3 min) ^ 3 0C/min -> 100 0C ^ 2.7 0C/min -> 140 0C ^ 2.4 0C/min -> 180 0C ^ 6 0C/min -> 260 0C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP-Sil 8CB-MS; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Profitt, M.; Schatz, B.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Chen, C.; Soler, C.; Hossaert-McKey, M., Signalling receptivity: comparison of the emission of volatile compounds by figs of Ficus hispida before, during and after the phase of receptivity to pollinators, Symbiosis, 45, 2008, 1-10., Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C (3 min) ^ 3 0C/min -> 100 0C ^ 2.7 0C/min -> 140 0C ^ 2.4 0C/min -> 180 0C ^ 6 0C/min -> 250 0C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: CP-Sil; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Proffit, M., Mediation chimique et structuration des communautes d’hymenopteres parasites du mutualisme figuier / pollinisateur (These pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Universite Montpellier II) (Dissertation), 2007., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Schwob, I.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Viano, J., Composition of the essential oils of Hypericum perforatum L. from southeastern France, C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. 3:, 325, 2002, 781-785., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: DB-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Maia, J.G.S.; Taveira, F.S.N.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, M.H.L.; Zoghbi, M.G.B., Essential oils of Lippia grandis Schau., Flavour Fragr. J., 18, 2003, 417-420.) NIST Spectra nist ri

1462 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 20 min; CAS no: 644304; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Lesueur, D.; Ban, N.K.; Bighelli, A.; Muselli, A.

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Curcumene C15H22 structure – Flashcards

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