question

sender

answer

the person who talks or sends the message

question

receiver

answer

the person who listens or receives the message

question

feedback

answer

the information the receiver sends back to the sender to let the speaker know how well the sender's messages are being understood

question

message

answer

the information the sender and receiver send to each other

question

noise

answer

anything that interferes with the message exchange between the sender and receiver

question

channels

answer

the mediums through which the messages are sent and they can be verbal (radio program) and nonverbal (a newspaper)

question

community

answer

a group of people with a common background or with a shared interest

question

public speaking

answer

the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner that is intended to inform, persuade, or entertain listeners

question

encoding

answer

to put the ideas or information into specific language the speaker selects to convey his or her ideas

question

decoding

answer

means for the listener to interpret the verbal and nonverbal content of a message to give it meaning

question

context

answer

where communication takes place

question

shared meaning

answer

accomplished when both the sender and receiver have an understanding of the messages delivered in the communication

question

relaxation techniques

answer

help you reduce your apprehension by helping you associate relaxed feelings, instead of anxious feelings, with public speaking

question

attitude modifications

answer

accomplished by allowing you to complete several lessons on how to develop a speech, and then allowing you to complete drill and practice sessions until you are comfortable with the speech

question

cognitive restructuring

answer

a strategy which helps you replace irrational thoughts with rational ones

question

visualization

answer

used to help reduce communication apprehension by helping you create, or recreate, sensations associated with your speaking experience

question

ethos

answer

the character of the speaker

question

ethical communication

answer

fosters "truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity, and respect for self and others"

question

trustworthiness

answer

combines honesty with dependability

question

pandering

answer

merely telling an audience what you think they want to hear or indicating agreement with the audience on all issues when you really don't

question

name-calling

answer

the use of abusive words to demean or defame another person

question

plagiarism

answer

the act of using another's ideas or language as if it is your own

question

use of an entire work

answer

the most obvious kind of plagiarism

question

cut and paste

answer

form a plagiarism involving selecting material from several sources, taking them word for word and joining them together in a way that makes sense

question

quoting

answer

the use of another's exact words or text

question

paraphrasing

answer

the restatement, rewording, or a summary in your own words of what somebody said or something printed in a text

question

ethical listening

answer

behaving responsibly when receiving and processing what the speaker is saying

question

audience-centeredness

answer

means that you do plan your speech so that it relates to the audience's experience

question

frame of reference

answer

our personal set of interlocking facts, ideas, beliefs, values, and attitudes that we use to filter what we hear and then make sense of it if we allow it to register in our brain

question

direct methods

answer

interviews, surveys and focus groups where you have personal contact with those from whom you are collecting information

question

focus group

answer

a gathering of selected individual participants who are encouraged to talk in an unstructured way about questions posed by a facilitator

question

indirect methods

answer

observations, asking people other than group members and reviewing written documents to gather information

question

demographic analysis

answer

a technique used to draw inferences about your audience based on categories of information you have available

question

audience demographics

answer

age, cultural background, gender, memberships in groups, religion, diversity of sexual orientation

question

captive audience

answer

one where the people are required to attend; like your classroom

question

attitude

answer

where your audience stands on a continuum from in favor to opposed to your topic and ideas

question

target audience

answer

a particular group at which a speech is aimed

question

brainstorming

answer

a timed procedure for generating a large number of ideas quickly

question

general purpose

answer

to inform, to persuade, or to entertain for special occasions

question

specific purpose

answer

should indicate explicitly what you hope to accomplish with your speech, and it should be stated in a single declarative sentence

question

thesis statement

answer

the central idea of the speech in a one sentence statement that you want your audience to understand or accept by the end of your speech

question

periodical database

answer

provide access to articles from newspapers, popular magazines, and scholarly journals

question

abstract

answer

summary of the content of the article written by someone other than the author

question

reference works

answer

provide general information about a variety of topics

question

biographical aids

answer

references that provide brief life and career facts about contemporary people

question

encyclopedia

answer

provides general knowledge about your topic

question

general encyclopedia

answer

provides general information about what we know, arranged alphabetically by topic

question

specialized encyclopedia

answer

provides in-depth coverage of a particular field of study s

question

yearbook

answer

annual publications that report information from the previous year

question

atlas

answer

provides maps of the world

question

gazetteer

answer

a geographical dictionary

question

internet

answer

a global super network linking thousands of computer networks in order to share information

question

search engine

answer

finds materials on the internet that you request related to a key word or words based on what you type in the search box

question

blogs

answer

web sites or pages that display regular postings by an author or authors-- often in the form of a journal

question

primary question

answer

the initial question for an area of your topic

question

follow-up or secondary question

answer

use these to discover more in-depth information about the topic

question

clearinghouse question

answer

asks the interviewee to talk about something you failed to ask

question

explanation

answer

an elaboration on an idea with the purpose of making it understandable and clear

question

definition

answer

explains the essential qualities of a word or terminology

question

example

answer

a specific case used to represent or illustrate an idea, condition, experience, or a group of people

question

brief example

answer

a short, specific instance

question

extended example

answer

a narrative or story developed at some length with more detail than a brief example

question

hypothetical example

answer

imaginary example based on fact

question

comparison

answer

a process of examining two items by pointing out their similarities

question

contrast

answer

shows the difference between two or more things, ideas, factors, or issues

question

exercise anorexia

answer

takes exercise to the extreme that it becomes dangerous to the person's health

question

statistics

answer

numerical ways of summarizing information or facts

question

testimony

answer

the statement or declaration of a witness, often used in support of a fact or statement

question

peer testimony

answer

support of a fact or statement tat is given by ordinary people like us

question

expert testimony

answer

a quotation or paraphrase of a statement by an acknowledged authority in their field

question

open-ended questions

answer

questions that require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer

question

closed-ended questions

answer

questions which can be answered by a simple yes or no

question

thesis statement

answer

the key concept of the speech

question

main points

answer

express the key ideas of the speech

question

causal pattern

answer

shows the cause and effect of a situation or phenomena; it looks at why something happens and the impact of it

question

chronological pattern

answer

organizes main points based on time, sequence, or steps

question

problem-solution pattern

answer

establishes a problem or dilemma and offers an answer or fix to the problem or issue

question

topical pattern

answer

divides the thesis into subtopics or categories

question

spatial pattern

answer

arranges information based on physical space, direction, or location

question

sub points

answer

provide proof or evidence to bolster your main points

question

transitions

answer

words, phrases, or sentences that connect one idea to the other

question

internal summary

answer

a transitional device that gives a thorough recap of the main point before moving on to another idea

question

2 to 4

answer

appropriate number of main points for a speech

question

function of the speech introduction

answer

to intrigue

question

attention-getter

answer

the opening of a speech; its goal is to increase the audience's interest level and encourage them to listen to the rest of the speech

question

rhetorical question

answer

does not seek a response

question

credibility

answer

an explanation as to why the speaker is qualified in regards to the topic

question

thesis statement

answer

a declarative sentence that explains the key concept of the speech

question

elements of the introduction

answer

1. gain the audience's attention 2. show relevance to the audience 3. establish credibility 4. provide a thesis statement 5. preview main ideas

question

preview statement

answer

this sentence or sentences alerts the audience of the main points of the speech

question

elements of the conclusion

answer

1. signify closure 2. summarize the key ideas 3. reiterate relevance of topic to audience 4. create memorable ending

question

function of the speech conclusion

answer

brings closure to the speech and reiterates the ideas you discussed in the body

question

memorable ending

answer

a final statement that emphasizes the overall purpose of the speech

question

formal outline

answer

a full-sentence, content plan of your speech ideas

question

preparation outline

answer

consists of short sentences and phrases to help guide you in developing a formal outline

question

template

answer

lists all the components of the speech from the introduction to the conclusion and then the speaker fills in the missing pieces

question

delivery outline

answer

a more condensed version of the formal outline using short words and phrases to guide the speaker during his or her presentation

question

topic selection techniques

answer

1. what expertise to you have 2. what experience do you have 3. what excites you 4. brainstorming

question

speech of introduction

answer

when you present a speaker to an audience

question

speech of presentation

answer

given to acknowledge some achievement

question

speech of acceptance

answer

to give thanks for an award

question

commemorative speech

answer

sometimes called a speech of tribute; speeches of praise or celebration that honor a person, group of people, or an idea

question

eulogy

answer

a tribute in which you seek to praise someone who died

question

speech of inspiration

answer

its aim is to inspire and raise the spirits of an audience

question

after-dinner speech

answer

also referred to speeches to entertain; strives to make a serious point even though they have the purpose of entertaining

question

toast

answer

a tribute or proposal of health, success, etc., given to a person or thing by a company of people and marked by raising glasses and drinking together

question

jargon

answer

technical language of a group of people

question

repetition

answer

articulating words, phrases, or sentences the exact same way in different instances to make impact and enhance communication

question

restatement

answer

reinforces ideas using different words that communicate a similar message

question

denotation

answer

the literal meaning or dictionary meaning of a word

question

connotation

answer

the emotional overtones that an individual associates with the word

question

cliché

answer

an expression whose effectiveness has been lost due to overuse

question

colloquialism

answer

an expression that is appropriate to everyday speech, but not to formal speaking or writing

question

alliteration

answer

the use of consecutive words that start with the same consonant sound

question

antithesis

answer

the use of words or phrases that contradict each other to create a well-balanced outcome

question

parallel structure

answer

the arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in a similar form

question

personification

answer

the attribution of human characteristics to nonliving objects

question

rhetorical questions

answer

questions that are used to make a point rather than obtain a response

question

oxymoron

answer

joins two opposite qualities

question

simile

answer

compares one to another using like or as

question

metaphor

answer

compares two things by stating one item is the other

question

analogy

answer

compares an unfamiliar concept to a more familiar one

question

delivery

answer

the vehicle speakers use to transmit ideas to listeners and it is both verbal and nonverbal

question

basic qualities of a good speech

answer

1. natural 2. comfortable 3. spontaneous

question

good delivery techniques

answer

1. using the voice for effective delivery 2. using nonverbal behavior for effective delivery

question

pause

answer

the silence between words and important to effective speech delivery

question

volume

answer

refers to the loudness or softness of your speaking voice

question

pitch

answer

described as the highness or lowness of the tone of our voices

question

enunciation

answer

refers to how we articulate and pronounce words

question

articulation

answer

the degree to which we pronounce letters in words correctly and clearly

question

pronunciation

answer

refers to how the letters of a word sounds and where the stress falls when the word is spoken

question

eye contact

answer

the direct, visual contact with another's eyes

question

posture

answer

the position or bearing of your body

question

personal appearance

answer

the impression you make on your audience through your clothing

question

manuscript speaking

answer

speaking from a text which has been prepared in advance

question

memorized speaking

answer

we prepare a written text and then memorize it word for word

question

impromptu speaking

answer

speaking "off the cuff," casual, and delivered with little or no time for preparation

question

extemporaneous speaking

answer

when a speaker carefully plans and practices a speech and delivers the speech from speaking notes

question

vocal fillers

answer

unnecessary and undesirable words to fill pauses; um, like, etc.

question

sensing

answer

receiving information through the five senses

question

stimulus

answer

something that incites your senses to their functional activity

question

attending

answer

the selective act of focusing on stimuli

question

selective attention

answer

suggests that we focus on something

question

understanding

answer

refers to the interpretation and evaluation of what you choose to attend to

question

remembering

answer

the process of recalling by an effort of memory

question

responding

answer

to give observable feedback

question

transactional

answer

a back and forth "negotiation" of meaning

question

passivity syndrome

answer

when you believe that the speaker is entirely responsible for the meaning and do not participate actively because of your belief

question

noise

answer

any interference that distorts the message exchange

question

physical noise

answer

such things as aches, pains, or other discomforts like a room is so hot that people are feeling uncomfortable and sleepy

question

psychological noise

answer

can come from worry or concern

question

active listening

answer

requires you to "will yourself" to pay attention

question

appreciative listening

answer

listening we do for enjoyment or pleasure

question

empathetic listening

answer

provides emotional support for the speaker

question

comprehensive listening

answer

involves listening for understanding of the message

question

critical listening

answer

sometimes called discriminative listening; what we engage in when evaluating a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it

question

main points

answer

develop the thesis statement

question

supporting material

answer

expands on the main and sub points

question

conclusion

answer

used to summarize the points made during the speech

question

informative speech

answer

a presentation intended to help an audience gain understanding

question

types of informative speeches

answer

1. speeches of definition 2. speeches of explanation 3. speeches of description 4.speeches of demonstration

question

speeches of definition

answer

useful wen speakers need to clarify the meaning of a word, phrase, or idiom

question

dictionary definitions

answer

present a formal and concise statement of the meaning of a word

question

etymology

answer

define a word by telling the history of the word

question

negation

answer

clarifies a meaning of a word by telling what something is NOT

question

functional

answer

to use the word in context

question

speeches of explanation

answer

useful when your goal is to clarify complicated concepts, abstract concepts, or unfamiliar concepts

question

speeches of description

answer

an informative speech designed to provide a clear picture of a person, place, or event

question

speeches of demonstration

answer

to show how something is done, how something works, or how something is made

question

application speech

answer

a speech when the speaker will want the audience to apply certain steps or to actually learn how to do something by listening to the speech

question

reiteration

answer

to repeat over and over again

question

coherence

answer

the process of finding a pattern which fits your main points together in a meaningful manner

question

visual aid

answer

any item that reinforces the speaker's ideas visually

question

benefits of visual aids

answer

1. they strengthen communication 2. clarify difficult ideas 3. make speech ideas memorable 4. enhance credibility 5. reduce apprehension

question

disadvantages of visual aids

answer

1. can distract 2. can negatively affect delivery 3. technology failure may interfere 4. can reduce credibility 5. can offend your audience

question

types of visual aids

answer

1. graphs and charts 2. pictures 3. videos 4. text 5. objects or replicas 6. handouts and brochures 7. powerpoint presentations 8. people and other living things

question

bar graph

answer

consists of horizontal or vertical bars that contrast two or more variables

question

line graph

answer

uses a horizontal or a vertical scale to show trends and the relationship between two variables

question

pie chart

answer

a circle representing 100 percent and divided into segments of various sizes

question

replica

answer

a representation of an object; a look-alike or model of the actual object

question

flipchart

answer

consists of large pieces of paper that are bound together at the top

question

projector

answer

uses lenses and light to project an enlarged image on to a screen

question

guidelines for designing visual aids

answer

1. preparation 2. visibility 3. color 4. simplicity 5. consistency 6. designing powerpoint slides

question

guideline for displaying visual aids

answer

1. reveal, discuss, and remove 2. don't talk to your visual aid 3. avoid circulating visual aids 4. technology malfunction 5. cite sources

question

persuasive speech

answer

designed to influence your audiences' beliefs, attitudes, or actions; its goals are to strengthen your audiences' commitment, to weaken your audiences' commitment, and to advocate an action from your audience

question

principals of persuasive speeches

answer

1. believe in your goal 2. align your goal with your audience 3. focus on one specific claim 4. present good reasons and evidence 5. organize your speech to persuade 6.pitch to your audience's emotions 7. present your speech well

question

claim of fact

answer

assert that something is true or false or is so or not so; "Breast cancer survival rates are higher when the cancer is detected early."

question

claim of value

answer

assert that something is good or bad, desirable or undesirable, justified or unjustified; "Planned parenthood is a worthwhile organization which administers thousands of free breast exams to women every year. Without the organization many women would not be able to get the breast exams."

question

claim of policy

answer

recommend a course of action for which you want the audience to approve; "The Susan G. Komen foundation should continue to make contributions to Planned Parenthood to ensure women can continue to receive free breast exams."

question

claim of action

answer

go a step further than seeking the audiences' approval; specify the actions the audience should take; "make a contribution of any amount to Planned Parenthood."

question

reasons

answer

statements why your audience should believe something or do something

question

problem to solution

answer

divides information into two main sections, one describes the extent of and harm created by a problem, the other advocates a solution

question

problem-cause-solution

answer

useful when you are advocating a change by an institution or organization; first point presents the problem and arguments about its significance; second point argues the current policies are not effective in eliminating the cause of the problem; third point presents and advocates a solution to minimize the problem

question

comparative advantage

answer

shows why the policy you are advocating is more beneficial than existing policies

question

Monroe's motivated sequence

answer

follows the stages of thinking people often go through while solving a problem or considering new ideas; includes 5 main points: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

question

credibility

answer

the degree to which a receiver finds a speaker to be believable

question

competence

answer

related to three factors: expertise, knowledge of the subject, and intelligence

question

expertise

answer

the significant skill or knowledge resulting in his or her extensive study, observation of the topic, and credentials

question

knowledgeable

answer

the person has significant understanding of the topic or issue because of his or her research and, possibly, direct experience with these

question

intelligence

answer

not an IQ factor, the understanding of how to craft an excellent argument

question

character

answer

seen as the speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience; also means you are telling the truth

question

sincere

answer

the speaker is being genuine, earnest, and free from falseness

question

concern for the well-being of your audience

answer

suggests to us showing empathy for their experience by using it appropriately to illustrate and bolster your points

question

common ground

answer

established when you identify with your audience by showing that you share experiences, beliefs, and/or values that are similar to theirs

question

biased source

answer

the kind of source that has reason to present data in a way to promote their cause or put their organization in favorable light

question

reasoning

answer

the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence

question

specific instance

answer

a brief example of something

question

hasty generalization

answer

one that reaches a conclusion when there is insufficient evidence to allow for the statements

question

reasoning from principle

answer

an argument that begins with an idea that is believed to be affirmed by audience members and then moves to a presumed specific incident of that principle, with a conclusion that follows these two elements

question

causal reasoning

answer

attempts to establish a relationship between causes and its effects

question

reasoning from analogy

answer

argument that compares two similar cases of something, perhaps a parking problem on your campus with one on a near-by campus, and infers that what is true of one is true of the other

question

literal analogy

answer

comparison in which identical items are asserted to be alike and therefore useful for basing a conclusion

question

figurative analogy

answer

claims two things are similar, but only in certain essential aspects

question

fallacy

answer

a misleading or unsound argument

question

ad hominem

answer

a Latin word that is translated as "against the man"; meaning an attack against the person, instead of attaching the other's argument

question

red herring

answer

an irrelevant issue that the speaker brings up to divert the audience's attention from the real issue

question

either-or fallacy

answer

one in which the speaker presents an issue as if there are only two options when, in truth, there are many more

question

bandwagon fallacy

answer

asks people to assume that since something is popular it is good, correct, or desirable and join in it

question

slippery slope

answer

refers to taking the first step with an issue and, because of taking that step, becoming committed to taking more and more steps

question

generalize

answer

means to infer a principle or trend form facts, statistics, or the like

question

hasty generalization

answer

a conclusion that is reached based on insufficient evidence

question

false analogy

answer

a claim that two situations are similar, based on minor similarities between two cases, when there are major differences that are being ignored

question

emotional appeal

answer

described as a psychological appeal

question

justice

answer

involves respect for laws, people's right to have what belongs to them, tolerance, and related attributes

question

prudence

answer

relates to how one gives advice or demonstrates good judgment

question

generosity

answer

involves having an unselfish attitude at home, work, in one's community, in government, or in international relations

question

courage

answer

means doing what you think is right, even under pressure-- not backing away from unpopular issues or positions when we believe they are right

question

temperance

answer

includes self-restraint and moderation in areas of human conduct

question

magnanimity

answer

the willingness to forgive and forget, the desire to seek ways to better the world, and the ability to rise above pettiness

question

magnificence

answer

the ability to recognize and be committed to the better qualities in human beings and the encourage them

question

wisdom

answer

more than just knowledge or intelligence; it is associated with good judgment, character, and experience

question

motivations

answer

the desires, drives, or needs that move a person toward a goal or, perhaps, away from some negative outcome

question

counter persuasion

answer

also called inoculating; a technique in which the speaker presents a message to his or her audience that is meant to forewarn the about attempts to refute the argument

question

ethos

answer

the character of a speaker

question

ethical communication

answer

fosters "truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity, and respect for self and others"

question

visualization

answer

creating or recreating sensations associated with your speaking experience

question

first

answer

the ____ amendment of the US constitution clearly guarantees our right to free speech

question

paraphrasing

answer

the restatement, rewording, or a summary in your own words on what somebody said or of something printed in a text

question

channels

answer

the mediums through which messages are sent

question

76%

answer

what percentage of experienced speakers have fear before giving a speech

question

message

answer

the information that the sender and receiver send to each other

question

encoder

answer

also referred to as the sender; the person who talks or sends the message

question

white

answer

when you avoid telling the whole truth about a situation to avoid hurting another person you are telling a ____ lie.

question

90%

answer

when giving your speech, you should maintain eye contact ____ of the time

question

feedback

answer

getting audience ______ helps you stay audience-centered by giving you cues you can use to adapt your delivery while you are speaking

question

audience demographics

answer

when you tailor your speech to the educational level of your classmates in a public speaking course, you are focusing your audience analysis on _________

question

direct

answer

interviews, surveys, and focus groups where you have personal contact with those from whom you are collecting information are examples of ________ methods for collecting information

question

captive

answer

an audience where the people are required to attend is a(n) _______ audience

question

attitude

answer

where your audience stands on a continuum from in favor of your topic and ideas to opposed to your topic and ideas

question

why being audience centered is a good idea

answer

1. an audience will pay attention to something that is relevant to them 2. it helps you achieve your speech goals 3. it shows you care about not wasting the audience's time

question

frame of reference

answer

our personal set of interlocking facts, ideas, beliefs, values, and attitudes that we use to filter what we hear and make sense of it is our ________

question

focus group

answer

a gathering of selected individual participants who are encouraged to talk in an unstructured way about questions posed by a facilitator

question

how will my audience respond

answer

what question should you ask yourself at every stage of speech construction

question

declarative

answer

what type of sentence should your specific purpose be

question

general purpose

answer

speeches that you present may be to inform, to persuade, or the entertain. this goal for your speech is known as its ________

question

entertain

answer

a speech to ________ seeks to make a point or celebrate a person or event through humor, examples, and stories

question

the audience

answer

what perspective is the thesis statement written from

question

what you hope to accomplish with your speech

answer

the specific purpose statement clearly identifies ____________

question

informative

answer

the goal of a(n) _________ speech is to enhance understanding and knowledge of the audience

question

2-4

answer

what number of main points is acceptable for this course

question

to inform

answer

what is the general purpose of an informative speech

question

general

answer

a speaker's ________ purpose might be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain

question

it is assigned

answer

in this course, where do you get the general purpose of your speech from?

question

periodical database

answer

provides access to articles from newspapers, popular magazines, and scholarly journals

question

credibility

answer

using a variety of reliable supporting materials and sources gives your ideas and statements more _______ and increases your knowledge base, thereby making your statements more believable to the audience

question

follow-up or secondary

answer

in an interview, you would ask a(n) ________ question to discover more in-depth information about the topic

question

key word

answer

searching for the term "teenage pregnancy" is an example of a(n) ________ search

question

search engine

answer

finds materials on the internet that you request related to a key word or words that you type in a search box

question

reference works

answer

provide general information about a variety of topics and include encyclopedias, yearbooks, and dictionaries

question

internet

answer

a global super network linking thousands of computer networks in order to share information

question

knowledgeable

answer

a successful outcome to a persuasive speech requires the audience to believe you are very __________

question

atlas

answer

provides maps of the world

question

build your reference page

answer

recording the bibliographic information for each source as you go along with your research helps you to ___________

question

in the introduction, you should

answer

1. gain the audience's attention 2. establish credibility 3. provide a thesis statement

question

make the audience reflect about the subject material

answer

what is a rhetorical question designed to do?

question

where transitions should be included in the speech

answer

1. between the introduction and body of the speech 2. between each main point 3. between the body and conclusion

question

chronological

answer

what would be the best design for a speech on "How to Provide Adult CPR"?

question

sub-points

answer

provide proof or evidence to bolster your main points

question

cause-effect

answer

if a speech is organized to identify a situation and then discuss the impact of the situation occurring, the speaker has used a _______ organizational pattern

question

problem-solution

answer

a speech topic that establishes a problem or dilemma and offers an answer to fix the problem or issue can effectively be organized using the __________ organizational pattern

question

topical

answer

what would be the best design for a speech on "Stuttering"?

question

3

answer

what is an appropriate number of pain points for a speech in this course

question

thesis statement

answer

the key concept of the speech or the big idea you want the audience to learn or think about from your speech

question

be brief and be prepared on 4x6 inch note cards

answer

the delivery outline should ______

question

template

answer

lists all of the components of the speech so the speaker can fill in the missing pieces to help build the speech from beginning to end

question

roman numerals (I.,II., III.)

answer

main points are identified using

question

outlining your speech provides these benefits

answer

1. you can see the structure and relationship of ideas 2. you can see if a main point is underdeveloped 3. you can see if all the vital components of a successful speech are included

question

when outlining your speech, sources should be included

answer

1. in-text citation 2. a reference or works cited page

question

delivery

answer

this type of outline should be used for presenting your speech

question

short sentences and phrases

answer

what types of sentences are used in a preparation outline

question

formal outline

answer

a full-sentence, content plan of your speech ideas

question

APA style

answer

your reference page should be in __________

question

a speech of inspiration

answer

this kind of speech may be delivered in times of adversity to challenge the audience to be strong

question

she should introduce the topic and the speaker, briefly and accurately

answer

Martina is concerned about her introductory speech for the guest speaker at her banquet. What should Martina keep in mind as she prepares her introductory speech?

question

adapt to the audience and the speaker

answer

what are two criteria that are of importance when making a speech of introduction

question

entertain

answer

an after-dinner speech may be used to provide some information but it is generally intended to _______ the audience

question

speech of introduction

answer

a brief, accurate speech where the goals are to gain the attention of the audience and arouse interest in the speaker and his or her topic is ___________

question

commemorative speech

answer

on the first anniversary of former President Ronald Reagan's death, the Reagan family and a group of close friends gathered at the Reagan Library to talk about Ronald Reagan's life and accomplishments. Then former President George H. W. Bush gave a brief speech at the occasion. What type of speech did he give?

question

thank the people responsible for giving you the award

answer

in an acceptance speech, you should __________

question

commemorative speech

answer

this type of special occasion speech honors, celebrates, or praises a person, group of people, or an idea

question

explain the significance of the award and why Rebecca fulfills the standards of excellence to receive the award

answer

Renton has been asked to present his colleague, Rebecca, with the "Journalist of the Year" award. What is important for him to remember to say in his speech

question

eulogy

answer

in this type of special occasion speech, you need to balance effective delivery with your emotional state

question

jargon

answer

the technical language of a group of people is known as __________

question

parallel structure

answer

the arrangement of the same sentence structure or arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in a similar form that adds impact is called a(n) ________

question

memorized

answer

this method of speaking puts a lot of pressure on the speaker, since the speaker could forget parts of the speech and ruin the entire presentation

question

personal appearance

answer

the impression you make on the audience through your clothing, jewelry, hairstyle and groom is called __________

question

the spoken word is not interactive

answer

how does the writing for the ear differ from the writing for the eye?

question

posture

answer

the position or bearing of your body, a nonverbal behavior your audience will notice, is referred to as you ________

question

extemporaneous

answer

the type of delivery where the speaker carefully plans and practices a speech and delivers the speech from speaking notes is called _______ speaking

question

eye contact

answer

is one of the most important nonverbal behaviors a speaker should utilize for their presentation

question

impromptu

answer

speaking "off the cuff," casual, and delivered with little or no preparation is called _______ speaking

question

understood

answer

when listeners assign a meaning (that hopefully is close to what the speaker intended), they have ______ the message

question

responding

answer

________ to a message means to give observable feedback

question

psychological

answer

_______ noise comes from worries or concerns that the speaker has

question

selective attention

answer

the principle that we focus on something to the exclusion of other things is known as ________

question

active listening

answer

_______ is a listening technique where you "will yourself" to pay attention

question

physical

answer

_______ noise is caused by things like aches, pains, or other discomforts such as being too hot

question

remembering

answer

________ the process of recalling by an effort of memory

question

supporting material

answer

_______ is meant to explain the point, provide an illustration or example of the point, and provide evidence as proof of an argument made by the point

question

comprehensive listening

answer

listening for understanding of the message presented by a speaker is _________

question

description

answer

a speech recounting the history of the attack on Pearl Harbor would be which type of speech?

question

explanation

answer

a speech topic regarding the interpretation of human rights would work well for which type of informative speech?

question

demonstration

answer

when you need to show how something is done, how something works or how something is made, you should use a speech of ________

question

share knowledge with the audience

answer

a speech to inform is designed to allow the speaker to ________

question

processes

answer

an informative speech that discusses how something works, carefully outlining all of the key steps from the beginning to end of a procedure, is a speech about _______

question

organization

answer

when speakers jump back and forth between ideas and ramble, the audience tends to become more confused than informed. Which public speaking guideline is not being followed?

question

linking new ideas with familiar ideas

answer

the "using what's there" principle in an informative speech suggests _________

question

definition

answer

an informative speech that is useful when speakers need to clarify the meaning of a word, phrase, or idiom is a speech of __________

question

the speaker shows the audience how to perform CPR

answer

an example of the speech of demonstration

question

description

answer

"To inform my audience about the life of civil rights leader Rosa Parks" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech

question

the actual objects

answer

what would be the best choice of a visual aid for informing the audience about the different types of tennis racquets

question

include a blank slide before the title slide and after the end slide

answer

when designing PowerPoint slides, you should _________

question

consistency

answer

is designing visual aids adhere to the principle of _________

question

four

answer

using more than _______ colors when designing your visual aid would be excessive

question

bar graph

answer

type of visual shows a contrast between two or more variables

question

they may negatively affect your delivery

answer

what is a consequence of poorly designed visual aids

question

be a look-alike or model of actual object

answer

what characteristics should models used in speeches have?

question

to display tends and the relationship between two variables

answer

why would a line graph be used in a speech

question

handouts and brochures

answer

which visual aid gives listeners something they can take with them when the presentation is complete

question

drawings improve clarity in a speech

answer

what is a benefit of using a drawing as a visual aid

question

fallacy

answer

when speakers attempt to persuade without adequate evidence or use arguments that are misleading or unsound, they are using a ________

question

comparative advantage pattern

answer

an organizational pattern that is designed to show that one concept or approach is better than the other

question

red herring

answer

a fallacy that draws attention away from the real issues of a dispute by bringing up an irrelevant issue

question

hasty generalization

answer

a conclusion based on insufficient evidence is a(n) _______

question

character

answer

a person's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience is known as ________

question

action

answer

claims of _______ specify to start, stop, or continue a behavior

question

emotion

answer

logic and _______ used together can create a powerful persuasive speech

question

policy

answer

claims of ______ recommend a course of action that you want the audience to approve

question

persuasive

answer

a speech intended to influence, change, or reinforce a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or actions is a _______ speech

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