Speech Vocab Ch 11-13 – Flashcards
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arrangement
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the strategic process of deciding how to order speech points into a coherent and convincing pattern for your topic and audience
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Outlining
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the physical process of plotting those speech points on the page in hierarchical order of importance.
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Introduction
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establishes the purpose of the speech and shows its relevance to the audience
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body
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presents main points that are intended to fulfill the speech purpose; developed with various kinds of supporting material to fulfill this purpose
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conclusion
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ties the purpose and the main points together; brings closure to the speech
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transitions
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words, phrases or sentences that tie the speech ideas together and enable the speaker to move smoothly from one point to the next
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main points
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express the key ideas and major themes of the speech; represent each of the main elements or claims being made in support of the speech topic
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Parallel form
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similar grammatical form and style (as in main points)
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supporting points
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represent the supporting material you have gathered to fill out or justify the main points and lead the audience to accept the purpose of the speech
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indentation
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indicates that supporting points appear in a subordinate position to main points
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Roman Numeral Outline
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main points (I,II,III) supporting points (A,B,C) third-level points (1,2,3) fourth-level points (a,b,c)
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unity
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contains only those points that are implied by the purpose and thesis statement
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coherence
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clarity and logical consistency; follows logically from intro to conclusion
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Coordination and subordination
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the logical placement of ideas relative to their importance to one another
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balance
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appropriate emphasis or weight be given to each part of the speech relative to other parts and to the theme
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Full-sentence transitions
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are especially effective when moving from one point to another
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Restate-forecast form
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a transition that restates the point just covered and previews the next point to be covered
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rhetorical questions
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a question that doesn't invite an actual response but just makes the audience think
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preview statement
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a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
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internal previews
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can be used to alert to audience from one topic to another
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internal summary
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draws together ideas before proceeding to another speech point
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topical pattern of arrangement
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the main points can be arranged in any order without affecting each other or the speech purpose negatively
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chronological pattern of arrangement
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follows the natural sequential order of the main points
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spatial pattern of arrangement
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main points are arranged in order of their physical proximity or direction relative to each other
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Problem-solution pattern of arrangement
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organizes main points both to demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and to provide justification for a proposed problem
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Narrative pattern of arrangement
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consists of a story or a series of short stories, replete with characters, settings, plot, and vivid imagery; often have other arrangement techniques incorporated in
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circular pattern of arrangement
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the speaker develops one idea, which leads to another, which leads to a third and so forth until she arrives back at the speech thesis
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working outline
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refine and finalize the specific purpose and thesis statements, firm up and organize main points, and develop supporting points to substantiate them
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speaking outline
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the outline you will use when actually delivering the speech
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sentence outline
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each main and supporting point is stated in sentence form as a declarative sentence
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phrase outline
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uses a partial construction of the sentence form of each point, instead of using complete sentences that present precise wording for each point
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key-word outlines
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uses the smallest possible units of understanding to outline the main and supporting points
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delivery cues
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brief reminder notes
