Psychology 7A (Midterm 2 Chapter 9) – Flashcards
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Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute
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language
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Phonemes are
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the smallest distinctive sound units of a language
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When Fred pronounced the words "this" and "that", he noticed that they share a common
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phoneme
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The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called
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morphemes
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In the words "lightly" "neatly" and "shortly", the "ly" ending is a(n)
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morpheme
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The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called
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grammar
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When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Krista understood that the word "arms" referred to weapons and not to body parts. Krista's correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of
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semantics
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A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, "Can you please a ride to the airport me give?" This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the _____ of the English language
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syntax
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The ability to comprehend the meaning of speech is called
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receptive language
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The spontaneous utterance of a variety of sounds by infants is called
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babbling
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Mentally segmenting other's spoken sounds into individual words best illustrates a 7 month old's capacity for
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receptive language
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During the earliest stage of speech development, infants
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make some speech sounds that do not occur in their parents' native language
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At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ____ of language development
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oneword
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Two-year-old Dirk's sentences - "Dad come", "Mom laugh", and "Truck gone" are examples of
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telegraphic speech
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Applying familiar learning principles to language development, BF Skinner emphasized that language is acquired through
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all of these actions
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It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children
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generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before
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The principles of learning emphasized by BF Skinner are most helpful in explaining why children
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add new words to their vocabular
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According to Chomsky, the fact that young children generate all sorts of sentences that they have never heard before suggests that
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language skills are not developed simply through the processes of imitation and reinforcement
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Chomsky suggested that diverse human language share a
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universal grammar
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Chomsky's theory of language development suggests that children have an inborn
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language acquisition device
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Research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during
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childhood
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An impaired use of language is known as
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aphasia
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Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This best illustrates the importance of ____ for mastering language
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critical period
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Broca's area is typically located in the left _____ lobe
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frontal
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After she suffered a stroke, Mrs Jacobitz had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her brain damage occurred in
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Broca's area
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Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
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words shape the way people think
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Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self, depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of
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Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis
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The part of the left temporal lobe that is involved in understanding language is known as
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Wernicke's area
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If our capacity to form concepts depends on our verbal memory, this would best illustrate
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linguistic determinism
