The Decline of Feudalism in Western Europe in the Middle Ages – Flashcards
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King of England after William the Conqueror. He set up the exchequer position to maintain his wealth and sent out traveling jugdes to try cases throughout his kingdom and increase the power of his royal court. This weakened the nobles' influence in dealing cases in their lands themselves.
answer
Henry I
question
Henry I's grandson who came later on. He made the 12-member jury, had traveling judges, and tried to make his royal court also very powerful. Then when he wanted to try church clergy who were accused in his royal court instead of the church court, Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, grew angry. There was a big rivalry between them until his knights finally killed the Archbishop. Henry II had other troubles afterwards too, like when he married Eleanor of Aquitaine and gained land from France to add to his territories. England was involved in France and matters were getting to be tense between them. Henry II's sons even tried to kill him with Eleanor, but didn't succeed. Through all these challenges, he still managed to keep England and his land in France under control, because of Eleanor's partnership after their marriage for a while.
answer
Henry II
question
Rival of Henry II, because of his wanting to make the royal court more superior than the church court. He was the Archbishop of a church in Canterbury and had been friends with Henry II until they came out with opposed opinions on a big issue between them. He was eventually murdered by Henry II's knights, and his tomb became a famous landmark for pilgrims to visit and the church made him a saint.
answer
Thomas Beckett
question
Married to Henry II of England. She was from Aquitaine, France, married before to the French King. After she married Henry II, she got her land to him to rule also. She ruled her region along with England beside Henry II, and made great contributions to France mostly. She was important for Henry II to be able to get additional land and they ruled together for many years. Then one time she was even made to be involved in a plan with her sons to kill Henry II though, and jailed as a result with no success, until Richard II finally freed her and she was able to play a little role in the government afterwards.
answer
Eleanor of Aquitaine
question
Youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He came to the throne of England after his brother, King Richard I, died off fighting in the Third Crusade. He made many enemies as he lost his lands in France, raised huge taxes on the nobles to pay for his wars in France, and treated all citizens unfairly. These all caused the nobles to come together to present a document called the Magna Carta or the Great Charter to King John. They forced him to sign this with threatenings, and the document protected everyone's rights and privileges the same. As the King did this, they agreed that he could remain to be the King, in return for more justices.
answer
King John
question
When the Byzantine emperor asked him and the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe for help when the Seljuk Turks were coming to attack them, the pope called a meeting with all the church leaders and nobles and told them to stop fighting among themselves. Instead, he said, all unite to regain the Holy Land from the Muslim Seljuk Turks, for Christians and help the Byzantines too. He thus started the Crusades or the Holy War.
answer
Pope Urban
question
He is a "Caped Crusader", fighting for something he truly believes in, like the Christian Crusaders of long ago.
answer
Batman
question
The fleas that fed upon infected rats contained the bacteria that caused the disease of Bubonic Plague or the Black Death of 1337 to 1351 and still coming back in the 15th century. These rats were from Central Asia and came to Europe and spread afterwards through trade routes. The rats looked for food everywhere in the filthy streets and when they died, the fleas went on to other animals and people, causing buboes to appear on the skin glands. This plague was a widespread disease.
answer
Fleas, Bacteria, Rats
question
Son of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II, took the English throne after sometime and went to fight in the Third Crusade against the Muslims and their leader, Saladin, with the French King, King Philip, and German King, Frederick Barborossa. The German King died going there and the French King went back to get his lands back from the English after a fight with Richard. Richard died in the war after going on and fighting bravely alone, and the throne was passed on to his youngest brother, King John. Even though he couldn't capture any land back, he made a truce with Saladin for Christians to be able to enter the Holy Land freely.
answer
Richard the Lionheart
question
A Muslim group that was in control of Palestine in 1096 A.D., and was going to capture the Byzantine Empire. The Crusades started because of this, between them and the Christian Crusaders, but they still could hold on to their land after they lost the first Crusade. They won all the others and tied with the Christians once.
answer
Seljuk Turks
question
The German King who went to fight along with the English and French kings in the Third Crusade but died along the way.
answer
Frederick Barborossa
question
A teenage, peasant, 17-year old girl from France. She claimed that she heard voices and had visions that she said were from God when she was younger, like at 13. She went to King Charles the VII, and told her about her call to fight to save France. The King agreed to sending her into fight, and she wore armor and went to lead the army to victory at the Battle of Orleans. Soon after she saw Charles get crowned King and then was captured later by the Burgundians, who were an ally to the English. They sold her to the English, who burned her for being a witch and heretic. She was made a saint afterwards and a famous patron of France till today.
answer
Joan of Arc
question
He was a king that was removed from his position and was only crowned again as king of France with the help of Joan. He still didn't help Joan when she was captured, to save himself. He only removed her name later.
answer
King Charles VII
question
Widespread disease that spread quickly in a short time.
answer
Plague
question
Having buboes in the skin glands- a type of disease or plague.
answer
Bubonic
question
Holy Wars between Christians and Muslim Seljuk Turks for the Holy Land or Palestine. There were a total of 9 crusades.
answer
Crusades
question
An organization of a certain craft in towns that protects its members and sets the prices for goods.
answer
Guild
question
The law that came after the Magna Carta and applied to everyone.
answer
Common Law
question
The group of different people that came together after the Magna Carta. They balanced out the power of the King with other people.
answer
Parliament/ Great Council
question
A weapon. It is a short, heavy bow that needs less skill than the traditional bow and arrow or longbow and has a trigger that is pulled to shoot an arrow. This can be used by anyone but is only useful for shooting short distances. It is held horizontally too. Used after Crusades as an advancement.
answer
Crossbow
question
A big bow that shoots feathered arrows with a faster, farther, and accurate shot. This requires good skill and is useful for long distances, even though much harder than the crossbow.
answer
Longbow
question
A temporary system of order that was in the Middle Ages and depended on the manorial system of nobles/lords, knights/vassals, and peasants all under a King. It soon declines due to major changing events.
answer
Feudalism
question
A feeling of pride in one's country or nation and their King, that developed in the Middle Ages and towards the end of feudalism, after the 100 years War. People were not loyal to their lords anymore.
answer
Nationalism
question
Nobles, knights, and church officials.
answer
Middle Class
question
Rome falls.
answer
476 A.D.
question
Byzantine Empire falls.
answer
1453 A.D.
question
Magna Carta is signed by King John in England.
answer
1215 A.D.
question
Muhammad has his first vision in Mecca.
answer
610 A.D.
question
Major capital of the Roman Empire.
answer
Rome
question
Palestine or Central Asia. Jerusalem is the most important/ holy city there. The Crusades happened here, for land there.
answer
Holy Land
question
A major country in the Middle Ages.
answer
England
question
A major country in the Middle Ages.
answer
France
question
The main trade country of the Roman Empire. It is also the center of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe.
answer
Italy
question
The huge trade center and capital of the Byzantine Empire in the East. Located between Europe and Asia for trade.
answer
Constantinople
question
The holy city of Islam in Arabia. It was also a busy trade city.
answer
Mecca
question
"Pirate raiders" that came from Scandinavia in the north. They raided everywhere, and were feared by everyone.
answer
Vikings
question
The routes revived through the Crusades were used as trade routes later.
answer
Crusade/Trade
question
People went through different ways through Europe to the Holy Land in the Crusades. These were used for trade later.
answer
Routes
question
Monarchs, knights, nobles, peasants all had their own pluses and minuses from the major events that caused the decline of feudalism at the end.
answer
Decline of feudalism
question
All of the events' impacts created a time period of governmental, economical, and social changes in the Middle Ages which would soon help make the transition into the Renaissance easily and spread knowledge of ideas through the world by the rebirth of trade.
answer
Impact of all the events
question
The routes revived in the Crusades resulted in trade and the growth of towns, which made crowded areas of people in those towns get the Black Death easily.
answer
The Crusades, ROT + GOT, and Black Death
question
From the time of Franks to the English, many great events happened, which eventually made the Dark or Middle Ages come to an end.
answer
Events in order
question
King of England after William the Conqueror. He set up the exchequer position to maintain his wealth and sent out traveling jugdes to try cases throughout his kingdom and increase the power of his royal court. This weakened the nobles' influence in dealing cases in their lands themselves.
answer
Henry I
question
Henry I's grandson who came later on. He made the 12-member jury, had traveling judges, and tried to make his royal court also very powerful. Then when he wanted to try church clergy who were accused in his royal court instead of the church court, Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, grew angry. There was a big rivalry between them until his knights finally killed the Archbishop. Henry II had other troubles afterwards too, like when he married Eleanor of Aquitaine and gained land from France to add to his territories. England was involved in France and matters were getting to be tense between them. Henry II's sons even tried to kill him with Eleanor, but didn't succeed. Through all these challenges, he still managed to keep England and his land in France under control, because of Eleanor's partnership after their marriage for a while.
answer
Henry II
question
Rival of Henry II, because of his wanting to make the royal court more superior than the church court. He was the Archbishop of a church in Canterbury and had been friends with Henry II until they came out with opposed opinions on a big issue between them. He was eventually murdered by Henry II's knights, and his tomb became a famous landmark for pilgrims to visit and the church made him a saint.
answer
Thomas Beckett
question
Married to Henry II of England. She was from Aquitaine, France, married before to the French King. After she married Henry II, she got her land to him to rule also. She ruled her region along with England beside Henry II, and made great contributions to France mostly. She was important for Henry II to be able to get additional land and they ruled together for many years. Then one time she was even made to be involved in a plan with her sons to kill Henry II though, and jailed as a result with no success, until Richard II finally freed her and she was able to play a little role in the government afterwards.
answer
Eleanor of Aquitaine
question
Youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He came to the throne of England after his brother, King Richard I, died off fighting in the Third Crusade. He made many enemies as he lost his lands in France, raised huge taxes on the nobles to pay for his wars in France, and treated all citizens unfairly. These all caused the nobles to come together to present a document called the Magna Carta or the Great Charter to King John. They forced him to sign this with threatenings, and the document protected everyone's rights and privileges the same. As the King did this, they agreed that he could remain to be the King, in return for more justices.
answer
King John
question
When the Byzantine emperor asked him and the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe for help when the Seljuk Turks were coming to attack them, the pope called a meeting with all the church leaders and nobles and told them to stop fighting among themselves. Instead, he said, all unite to regain the Holy Land from the Muslim Seljuk Turks, for Christians and help the Byzantines too. He thus started the Crusades or the Holy War.
answer
Pope Urban
question
He is a "Caped Crusader", fighting for something he truly believes in, like the Christian Crusaders of long ago.
answer
Batman
question
The fleas that fed upon infected rats contained the bacteria that caused the disease of Bubonic Plague or the Black Death of 1337 to 1351 and still coming back in the 15th century. These rats were from Central Asia and came to Europe and spread afterwards through trade routes. The rats looked for food everywhere in the filthy streets and when they died, the fleas went on to other animals and people, causing buboes to appear on the skin glands. This plague was a widespread disease.
answer
Fleas, Bacteria, Rats
question
Son of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II, took the English throne after sometime and went to fight in the Third Crusade against the Muslims and their leader, Saladin, with the French King, King Philip, and German King, Frederick Barborossa. The German King died going there and the French King went back to get his lands back from the English after a fight with Richard. Richard died in the war after going on and fighting bravely alone, and the throne was passed on to his youngest brother, King John. Even though he couldn't capture any land back, he made a truce with Saladin for Christians to be able to enter the Holy Land freely.
answer
Richard the Lionheart
question
A Muslim group that was in control of Palestine in 1096 A.D., and was going to capture the Byzantine Empire. The Crusades started because of this, between them and the Christian Crusaders, but they still could hold on to their land after they lost the first Crusade. They won all the others and tied with the Christians once.
answer
Seljuk Turks
question
The German King who went to fight along with the English and French kings in the Third Crusade but died along the way.
answer
Frederick Barborossa
question
A teenage, peasant, 17-year old girl from France. She claimed that she heard voices and had visions that she said were from God when she was younger, like at 13. She went to King Charles the VII, and told her about her call to fight to save France. The King agreed to sending her into fight, and she wore armor and went to lead the army to victory at the Battle of Orleans. Soon after she saw Charles get crowned King and then was captured later by the Burgundians, who were an ally to the English. They sold her to the English, who burned her for being a witch and heretic. She was made a saint afterwards and a famous patron of France till today.
answer
Joan of Arc
question
He was a king that was removed from his position and was only crowned again as king of France with the help of Joan. He still didn't help Joan when she was captured, to save himself. He only removed her name later.
answer
King Charles VII
question
Widespread disease that spread quickly in a short time.
answer
Plague
question
Having buboes in the skin glands- a type of disease or plague.
answer
Bubonic
question
Holy Wars between Christians and Muslim Seljuk Turks for the Holy Land or Palestine. There were a total of 9 crusades.
answer
Crusades
question
An organization of a certain craft in towns that protects its members and sets the prices for goods.
answer
Guild
question
The law that came after the Magna Carta and applied to everyone.
answer
Common Law
question
The group of different people that came together after the Magna Carta. They balanced out the power of the King with other people.
answer
Parliament/ Great Council
question
A weapon. It is a short, heavy bow that needs less skill than the traditional bow and arrow or longbow and has a trigger that is pulled to shoot an arrow. This can be used by anyone but is only useful for shooting short distances. It is held horizontally too. Used after Crusades as an advancement.
answer
Crossbow
question
A big bow that shoots feathered arrows with a faster, farther, and accurate shot. This requires good skill and is useful for long distances, even though much harder than the crossbow.
answer
Longbow
question
A temporary system of order that was in the Middle Ages and depended on the manorial system of nobles/lords, knights/vassals, and peasants all under a King. It soon declines due to major changing events.
answer
Feudalism
question
A feeling of pride in one's country or nation and their King, that developed in the Middle Ages and towards the end of feudalism, after the 100 years War. People were not loyal to their lords anymore.
answer
Nationalism
question
Nobles, knights, and church officials.
answer
Middle Class
question
Rome falls.
answer
476 A.D.
question
Byzantine Empire falls.
answer
1453 A.D.
question
Magna Carta is signed by King John in England.
answer
1215 A.D.
question
Muhammad has his first vision in Mecca.
answer
610 A.D.
question
Major capital of the Roman Empire.
answer
Rome
question
Palestine or Central Asia. Jerusalem is the most important/ holy city there. The Crusades happened here, for land there.
answer
Holy Land
question
A major country in the Middle Ages.
answer
England
question
A major country in the Middle Ages.
answer
France
question
The main trade country of the Roman Empire. It is also the center of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe.
answer
Italy
question
The huge trade center and capital of the Byzantine Empire in the East. Located between Europe and Asia for trade.
answer
Constantinople
question
The holy city of Islam in Arabia. It was also a busy trade city.
answer
Mecca
question
"Pirate raiders" that came from Scandinavia in the north. They raided everywhere, and were feared by everyone.
answer
Vikings
question
The routes revived through the Crusades were used as trade routes later.
answer
Crusade/Trade
question
People went through different ways through Europe to the Holy Land in the Crusades. These were used for trade later.
answer
Routes
question
Monarchs, knights, nobles, peasants all had their own pluses and minuses from the major events that caused the decline of feudalism at the end.
answer
Decline of feudalism
question
All of the events' impacts created a time period of governmental, economical, and social changes in the Middle Ages which would soon help make the transition into the Renaissance easily and spread knowledge of ideas through the world by the rebirth of trade.
answer
Impact of all the events
question
The routes revived in the Crusades resulted in trade and the growth of towns, which made crowded areas of people in those towns get the Black Death easily.
answer
The Crusades, ROT + GOT, and Black Death
question
From the time of Franks to the English, many great events happened, which eventually made the Dark or Middle Ages come to an end.
answer
Events in order
