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Affonso I

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ruler of Kongo in first half of 16th century; reigned over Kongo empire

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astrolabe

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instrument used to make astronomical measurements such as altitude and lattitude

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Dutch East India Company

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formed by a group of wealthy merchants; it had sovereign power

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Ferdinand Magellan

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led expedition; first to circumnavigate the earth

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Goa

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Indian State

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joint-stock company

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company whose finance is owned jointly by shareholders

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latitude

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parallel; north and south of the equator

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Macao

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Portuguse trading post in Ming China

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mercantilism

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belief in benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

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Moluccas

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island chain once called the spice islands

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Mombasa

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coastal city of east Africa; important trade center

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Osei Tutu

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united people by claiming they had shared spiritual bonds

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Prince Henry

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led the way in sponsering exploration for Portugal

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Qing

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dynasty set up by Manchu; flourished under Qianlong

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tariff

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tax

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Dias

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rounded the southern tip of Africa

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Balboa

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traveled overland through Panama

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Magellan

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...

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da Gama

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...

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Pizarro

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...

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Why did the southern tip of Africa became known as the Cape of Good Hope?

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because rounding it gave sailors a direct route to Asia

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The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between

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Spanish and Portuguese

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How did European expansion of the slave trade affect African states in the 1600s and 1700s?

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the states competed to dominate the slave trade

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Who were the Boers?

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Dutch farmers who settled around Cape Town

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Large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asia through what important Spanish trading center?

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Phillipines

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In the early 1400s, the first African port occupied by the

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Portuguese was Ceuta.

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In Ming China, why did European traders pay for Chinese silks and porcelains in gold or silver instead of exchanging trade goods?

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The Chinese did not want inferior European trading goods.

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After the Japanese, and later the Manchus, invaded Korea, the Koreans responded by doing what?

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excluding foreigners from their nation

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When the first European traders arrived in the 1500s, the Japanese responded by doing what?

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welcoming trade with the West

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The first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade were the

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Dutch

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In the 1400s, Europeans searched for new trade routes to obtain valuable spices that came mainly from where?

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Moluccas

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The voyage to Calicut by Vasco da Gama soon led to the creation of a vast trading empire for

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Portugal

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How did Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias seek a sea route to Asia in 1460?

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rounded the southern tip of Africa

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The islands that Christopher Columbus explored in his voyage in 1492 later became known as the

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West Indies

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In 1513, how did Spanish adventurer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reach the Pacific Ocean?

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by traveling overland through Panama

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How did Europeans usually acquire African captives for the slave trade?

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through African traders who would bring slaves to African trading ports

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Osei Tutu traded in gold and slaves to help build the powerful

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Asante kingdom

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What was the significance of the settlement of Cape Town?

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It was the first permanent European settlement in Africa

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In the early 1500s, what method did Afonso de Albuquerque use to establish Portuguese outposts in India?

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burned coastal towns and destroyed Arab fleets

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To rule China effectively after seizing Beijing in 1644, the Manchus did what?

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accepted Confucian system of government

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In the mid-1600s, which nation captured Malacca from the Portuguese and developed a monopoly on trade in the Spice Islands?

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Netherlands

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When the Mughal empire weakened, British and French armies fought for power in India with the help of Indian troops known as

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sepoys

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How did the Chinese economy fare under the Qing dynasty?

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Chinese farm output increased

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Why did Japanese shoguns turn against foreign traders in the mid-1500s?

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Japan saw foreginers as a threat after Spain seized the Phillipenes

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The Ming rulers allowed limited trade with Europeans under the condition that the Europeans would leave

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at the end of trading season

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Why did the demand for Asian trade goods increase in Europe in the 1400s?

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How did Asian trade goods get to European markets in the 1400s? Why did this change in the 1500s? In the 1400s, Europe had increasing demand for Asian trade goods bc the population was increasing. Europeans needed spices to preserve food, add flavor, and make medicine. Arab and Italian merchants controlled most of the trade between Asia and Europe in the 1400s. Muslims brought the goods to the ports and Italians carried them to the markets. This changed bc Europeans outside of Italy wanted part of this buisness. They knew direct trade with Asia, bypassing the Mediterranean, would be more profitable

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What were the main features of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

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How do you think the Dutch may have reacted to it? Why? the pope divided the non-European world in half with a Line of Demarcation. Spain had trading and exploration rights west of the line and Portugal had them east. The Dutch felt threatened by the agreement and stepped up their own trading and exploration activites in response. Trade and territory meant profits, and the Dutch would have wanted to challenge Portugal and Spain rather than accpeting their dominance.

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When British diplomat Lord Macartney arrived in China in 1793, what was his attitude toward the Chinese? What was Qianlong's attitude toward the British? How did the attitudes of these two officials affect trade between China and Britain? Explain.

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Qianlong was intrigued by Europe's fancy goods and culture. Macartney arrived in China in 1793 (the Macartney Embassy) witha goal to convince Qianlong to ease retrictions on trade between Great Britain and China. The Europeans were interested in Asia, but Asia had no interest in return. They believed their products were superior to Europes. They made them pay for Chinese products in gold or silver. They were permitted to trade in Macao and later Guangzhou under supervision; also had to leave at end of trading season. Qianlong rejected the British trade offer. Under Qianlong, China grew and prospered, internal trade grew, many industries prospered.

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Affonso I appealed to the Portuguese to halt the slave trade in Kongo. How might his experiences as a young man have helped him make this appeal? What was the result of his efforts?

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As a young man, he was tutored by the Portuguese missionaries. As a result, he was bale to communicate with them and he shared some of their Christian values. These advantages led him to think that they might listen to his appeal to end the slave trade. His argument was centered on the idea of making Kongo into a modern Christian state. In the end of the sytem that supported the slave trade was too strong. The slave trade brought great profits to many merchants and there was also an increasing demand for slave labor.

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