Final Western civ. – Flashcards
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Qu'ran
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The sacred text of Islam
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The cardinal principle of Islam
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There is one God, Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet
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Caliphs
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The successors to Muhammad's leadership of the Muslims were known as
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Shari'a
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Some Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law that governs all aspects of life called this
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Seljuk Turks
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The Islamic world in the mid-eleventh century was largely unified and dominated by this group
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Bishops of Rome (Popes)
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The title "Vicars of Christ" has traditionally been given to these men
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St. Jerome
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Best known for his Latin translation of the Bible
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Edict of Milan
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Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity
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Monasticism
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The primary instrument of Pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe
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St. Augustine
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Advocated marriage for the procreation of children as a good alternative for Christians unable to live a vow of celibacy
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Bread
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The staple food in the Carolingian diet
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Ale
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In northern European countries, the most common drink of the medieval peasant
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Military service
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The major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to provide this
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The keep
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The main part of the medieval castle
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Warfare
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Male nobles of the High Middle Ages were almost solely preoccupied with this.
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Charles Martel
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Besides his clever nickname, this Frankish ruler halted the Muslim invaders at Tours in 732 AD
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The Huns
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The Visigoths and other Germanic tribes were pushed into the Balkans by this group of nomadic invaders
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Erik the Red
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This Viking is credited with discovering Greenland
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Ottoman Turks
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The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by this group
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Magyars
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This group from western Asia invade and eventually settle in Hungary
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Charlemagne
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He best symbolized the fusion of Roman, German, and Christian elements
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Treaty of Verdun
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This treaty divided Charlemagne's empire amongst his grandsons
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France
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Gothic style of architecture emerged and was perfected here
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Petrine Supremacy (Petrine Doctrine)
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The belief that the bishops of Rome held a preeminent position in the church
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Hegira
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Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622
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indulgences
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The sale of these items led to Luther's break with the church.
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Henry VIII
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His obsession to have a male heir led to the English Reformation.
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sermons
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The primary method used to spread Luther's ideas; not the printing press.
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Act of Supremacy
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This act of Parliament made England's break with the church official.
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John Calvin
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Chief characteristics of his reform movement included the absolute sovereignty of God and predestination.
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Renaissance
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Word literally means 'rebirth
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Michelangelo
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Painter of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
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Machiavelli
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'Politics have no relation to morals.'
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Donatello
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Besides Michelangelo, this artist also sculpted a famous likeness of David
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Medici family
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The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance.
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100 Years War
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One end result of this lengthy war was to strengthen the French monarchy.
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Peace of Augsburg
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The Schmalkadic War in Germany ended with this treaty that allowed German princes to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism as their religion.
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Thirty Years War
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Some consider it the last of the religious wars in Europe
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War of the Roses
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War in England between the House of York and House of Lancaster
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Peace of Westphalia
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The peace treaty that ended the last of the religious wars.
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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His school of navigation helped pave the way for many explorers.
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Columbus
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Fascinated by the Polo family's journeys, he was convinced he could reach the east by sailing west.
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Magellan
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He is given credit for the first circumnavigation of the Earth.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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This divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
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sugar
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The most valuable product from the West Indies.
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Joan of Arc
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Maiden who helped restore French morale during the 100 Yrs. War.
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Versailles
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Costly palace constructed by Louis XIV as a means to show his wealth and to keep an eye on the nobility.
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Hugh Capet
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Considered to the first of the modern French monarchs elected by the French nobility in the 10th century
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Henry IV of Navarre
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He converted from Protestantism to Catholicism to prevent further bloodshed during his reign as king of France.
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Moliere
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This French playwright is noted for satirizing French religious and social customs
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Oliver Cromwell
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His 'Roundheads' helped propel him to power that ushered in the short-lived Commonwealth of England
