Ap Us Ch. 18 Answers – Flashcards
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When did the most important advances in industrialization occur?
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the last third of the ninteenth century
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American industrial growth was concentrated where?
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The northeast
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What was the most significant technical innovation of the ninteenth century?
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The railroad
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What did the development of the national railway system lead to?
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an integrated national economic system
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Why was rapid rail construction after the civil war possible?
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federal and state governments provided important incentives
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A major change in the railroad industry after the Civil War was the development of
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a major railroad trunk lines
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Where did the two transcontinental railroad lines meet?
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Promontory, Utah
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What happed to American railroads in 1894?
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they suffered from competition and overexpansion
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The most important figure in American Finance
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J.P. Morgan
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How was the measure of a nation's industrial progress determined after 1870?
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the production of steel
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The first company to become a billion-dollar company
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U.S. Steel
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What was the first modern trust?
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Standard Oil
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What was the most important development in the communications system in the late ninteenth century?
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the telephone
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The two most important developments of the late ninteenth century
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telephone and light bob
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The greatest inventor of the late ninteenth/early twentieth-century was
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Thomas A. Edison
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NOT an innovator in retailing in the ninteenth century
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Cyrus Field
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What did the development of brand names, chain stores, and mail order houses do?
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provided convienence and standardization
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What was the status of most working women?
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young and single
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What was the compairson of female workers to male workers?
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females were regulated to traditionally "feminine" jobs
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Which group recieved the greatest rewards from industrialization?
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white, native-born males
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Why did the knights of labor fail?
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it could not provide effect national leadership
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What did the American Federation of Labor emphasize?
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economic goals for workers
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What was the AFL's position on women?
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they ignored or opposed them as members
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Who was involved in the great stirke of 1877?
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railroad workers
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What did the principle of "iron law wages" state?
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supple and demand regulated wages
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What effect did the American government have on industrial growth?
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it provided incentives for growth
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NOT a factor in American industrial development
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industrialization of the South after the Civil War
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How did American railroads differ form European railroads?
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European railroads were built between already existing towns, American railroads created new towns
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Why didn't early American railroads link different regions to eachother?
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They had different schedules and incompatible gauges
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What is the significance of the adoption of a standard gauge for railroads?
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trains could now travel on all tracks which integrated the whole system
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Chronological order of industrial developments
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transcontinential railroad, first trust, U.S. Steel Co.
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INCORRECTLY assoscited with industry he helped found
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Henry Bessemer- railroads
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Why was Andrew Carnegie so successful?
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he understood how to organize steel managment
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What happened when Carnegie sold Carnegie Steel?
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J.P. morgan combined it with other steel companies
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Why did John. D. Rockefeller reject competition among oil companies?
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he said that consolidation instead of competition
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Consequence of forming the Standard Oil Trust
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Other industries followed its lead
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What is a result of the proliferation of patents in the ninteenth century?
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Americans no longer imported technology
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Significance of American Telephone and Telegraph
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it combined local phone systems into one large corporation
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What was special of Edison's lab at Menlo Park?
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it was the first modern research lab ever built
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What does "feminizing" professions mean?
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women took jobs in certain fields caused men to leave those fields lowering the status of those jobs
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What was the early American Federation of Labor like?
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an alliance of craft unions that worked to imporve wages and working conditions
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What was the Knights of Labor?
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a union of producers aimed at uplifting and utopian reform
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Why did Samuel Gompers oppose women in the AFL?
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women would lower the pay scales
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What was a result of the Haymarket Square Riot?
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weakened the national labor movement
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What was the result of the Homestead strike?
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emphasized the coast of industrialization
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What was a negative effect of industrialization in the US during the ninteenth century?
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a growing dispairity income between the rich and poor
